Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > andersonville >

µÚ52½Ú

andersonville-µÚ52½Ú

С˵£º andersonville ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



than¡¡I¡¡dare¡¡to£»¡¡for¡¡fear¡¡of¡¡being¡¡accused¡¡of¡¡exaggeration¡¡and¡¡downright
untruth£»¡¡I¡¡reproduce¡¡the¡¡major¡¡part¡¡of¡¡his¡¡testimonyembodying¡¡also¡¡his
official¡¡report¡¡to¡¡medical¡¡headquarters¡¡at¡¡Richmondthat¡¡my¡¡readers¡¡may
know¡¡how¡¡the¡¡prison¡¡appeared¡¡to¡¡the¡¡eyes¡¡of¡¡one¡¡who£»¡¡though¡¡a¡¡bitter
Rebel£»¡¡was¡¡still¡¡a¡¡humane¡¡man¡¡and¡¡a¡¡conscientious¡¡observer£»¡¡striving¡¡to
learn¡¡the¡¡truth£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MEDICAL¡¡TESTIMONY¡£

£§Transcript¡¡from¡¡the¡¡printed¡¡testimony¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Wirz¡¡Trial£»¡¡pages¡¡618¡¡to
639£»¡¡inclusive¡££§

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡OCTOBER¡¡7£»¡¡1885¡£

Dr¡£¡¡Joseph¡¡Jones£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡prosecution£º

By¡¡the¡¡Judge¡¡Advocate£º

Question¡£¡¡¡¡Where¡¡do¡¡you¡¡reside

Answer¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡Augusta£»¡¡Georgia¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡Are¡¡you¡¡a¡¡graduate¡¡of¡¡any¡¡medical¡¡college£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡Of¡¡the¡¡University¡¡of¡¡Pennsylvania¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡How¡¡long¡¡have¡¡you¡¡been¡¡engaged¡¡in¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡medicine£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡Eight¡¡years¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡Has¡¡your¡¡experience¡¡been¡¡as¡¡a¡¡practitioner£»¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡as¡¡an
investigator¡¡of¡¡medicine¡¡as¡¡a¡¡science£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡Both¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡What¡¡position¡¡do¡¡you¡¡hold¡¡now£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡of¡¡Medical¡¡Chemist¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Medical¡¡College¡¡of¡¡Georgia£»¡¡at
Augusta¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡How¡¡long¡¡have¡¡you¡¡held¡¡your¡¡position¡¡in¡¡that¡¡college£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡Since¡¡1858¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡How¡¡were¡¡you¡¡employed¡¡during¡¡the¡¡Rebellion£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡served¡¡six¡¡months¡¡in¡¡the¡¡early¡¡part¡¡of¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡private¡¡in¡¡the
ranks£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡time¡¡in¡¡the¡¡medical¡¡department¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡Under¡¡the¡¡direction¡¡of¡¡whom£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡Under¡¡the¡¡direction¡¡of¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Moore£»¡¡Surgeon¡¡General¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡Did¡¡you£»¡¡while¡¡acting¡¡under¡¡his¡¡direction£»¡¡visit¡¡Andersonville£»
professionally£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡Yes£»¡¡Sir¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡making¡¡investigations¡¡there£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡prosecuting¡¡investigations¡¡ordered¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Surgeon
General¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡went¡¡there¡¡in¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡a¡¡letter¡¡of¡¡instructions£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡orders¡¡which¡¡I¡¡received¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡Did¡¡you¡¡reduce¡¡the¡¡results¡¡of¡¡your¡¡investigations¡¡to¡¡the¡¡shape¡¡of¡¡a
report£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡engaged¡¡at¡¡that¡¡work¡¡when¡¡General¡¡Johnston¡¡surrendered¡¡his
army¡£

£¨A¡¡document¡¡being¡¡handed¡¡to¡¡witness¡££©

Q¡£¡¡¡¡Have¡¡you¡¡examined¡¡this¡¡extract¡¡from¡¡your¡¡report¡¡and¡¡compared¡¡it¡¡with
the¡¡original£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡Yes£»¡¡Sir£»¡¡I¡¡have¡£

Q¡£¡¡¡¡Is¡¡it¡¡accurate£¿

A¡£¡¡¡¡So¡¡far¡¡as¡¡my¡¡examination¡¡extended£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡accurate¡£'

The¡¡document¡¡just¡¡examined¡¡by¡¡witness¡¡was¡¡offered¡¡in¡¡evidence£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡as
follows£º

Observations¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡diseases¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Federal¡¡prisoners£»¡¡confined¡¡to¡¡Camp
Sumter£»¡¡Andersonville£»¡¡in¡¡Sumter¡¡County£»¡¡Georgia£»¡¡instituted¡¡with¡¡a¡¡view
to¡¡illustrate¡¡chiefly¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡and¡¡causes¡¡of¡¡hospital¡¡gangrene£»¡¡the
relations¡¡of¡¡continued¡¡and¡¡malarial¡¡fevers£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡pathology¡¡of¡¡camp
diarrhea¡¡and¡¡dysentery£»¡¡by¡¡Joseph¡¡Jones£»¡¡Surgeon¡¡P¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡C¡£¡¡S¡££»¡¡Professor
of¡¡Medical¡¡Chemistry¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Medical¡¡College¡¡of¡¡Georgia£»¡¡at¡¡Augusta£»
Georgia¡£


Hearing¡¡of¡¡the¡¡unusual¡¡mortality¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Federal¡¡prisoners¡¡confined¡¡at
Andersonville£»¡¡Georgia£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡month¡¡of¡¡August£»¡¡1864£»¡¡during¡¡a¡¡visit¡¡to
Richmond£»¡¡Va¡££»¡¡I¡¡expressed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Surgeon¡¡General£»¡¡S¡£¡¡P¡£¡¡Moore£»
Confederate¡¡States¡¡of¡¡America£»¡¡a¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡visit¡¡Camp¡¡Sumter£»¡¡with¡¡the
design¡¡of¡¡instituting¡¡a¡¡series¡¡of¡¡inquiries¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡and¡¡causes¡¡of
the¡¡prevailing¡¡diseases¡£¡¡¡¡Smallpox¡¡had¡¡appeared¡¡among¡¡the¡¡prisoners£»¡¡and
I¡¡believed¡¡that¡¡this¡¡would¡¡prove¡¡an¡¡admirable¡¡field¡¡for¡¡the¡¡establishment
of¡¡its¡¡characteristic¡¡lesions¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡Peyer's¡¡glands¡¡in¡¡this
disease¡¡was¡¡considered¡¡as¡¡worthy¡¡of¡¡minute¡¡investigation¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was
believed¡¡that¡¡a¡¡large¡¡body¡¡of¡¡men¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Northern¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United
States£»¡¡suddenly¡¡transported¡¡to¡¡a¡¡warm¡¡Southern¡¡climate£»¡¡and¡¡confined
upon¡¡a¡¡small¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡land£»¡¡would¡¡furnish¡¡an¡¡excellent¡¡field¡¡for¡¡the
investigation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡relations¡¡of¡¡typhus£»¡¡typhoid£»¡¡and¡¡malarial¡¡fevers¡£

The¡¡Surgeon¡¡General¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Confederate¡¡States¡¡of¡¡America¡¡furnished¡¡me
with¡¡the¡¡following¡¡letter¡¡of¡¡introduction¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Surgeon¡¡in¡¡charge¡¡of¡¡the
Confederate¡¡States¡¡Military¡¡Prison¡¡at¡¡Andersonville£»¡¡Ga¡££º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CONFEDERATE¡¡STATES¡¡OF¡¡AMERICA£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SURGEON¡¡GENERAL'S¡¡OFFICE£»¡¡RICHMOND£»¡¡VA¡££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡August¡¡6£»¡¡1864¡£

SIR£ºThe¡¡field¡¡of¡¡pathological¡¡investigations¡¡afforded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡large
collection¡¡of¡¡Federal¡¡prisoners¡¡in¡¡Georgia£»¡¡is¡¡of¡¡great¡¡extant¡¡and
importance£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡believed¡¡that¡¡results¡¡of¡¡value¡¡to¡¡the¡¡profession
may¡¡be¡¡obtained¡¡by¡¡careful¡¡investigation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡effects¡¡of¡¡disease¡¡upon
the¡¡large¡¡body¡¡of¡¡men¡¡subjected¡¡to¡¡a¡¡decided¡¡change¡¡of¡¡climate¡¡and¡¡those
circumstances¡¡peculiar¡¡to¡¡prison¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Surgeon¡¡in¡¡charge¡¡of¡¡the
hospital¡¡for¡¡Federal¡¡prisoners£»¡¡together¡¡with¡¡his¡¡assistants£»¡¡will¡¡afford
every¡¡facility¡¡to¡¡Surgeon¡¡Joseph¡¡Jones£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡prosecution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡labors
ordered¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Surgeon¡¡General¡£¡¡¡¡Efficient¡¡assistance¡¡must¡¡be¡¡rendered
Surgeon¡¡Jones¡¡by¡¡the¡¡medical¡¡officers£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡in¡¡his¡¡examinations¡¡into
the¡¡causes¡¡and¡¡symptoms¡¡of¡¡the¡¡various¡¡diseases£»¡¡but¡¡especially¡¡in¡¡the
arduous¡¡labors¡¡of¡¡post¡¡mortem¡¡examinations¡£

The¡¡medical¡¡officers¡¡will¡¡assist¡¡in¡¡the¡¡performance¡¡of¡¡such¡¡post¡­mortems
as¡¡Surgeon¡¡Jones¡¡may¡¡indicate£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡that¡¡this¡¡great¡¡field¡¡for
pathological¡¡investigation¡¡may¡¡be¡¡explored¡¡for¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Medical
Department¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Confederate¡¡Army¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡S¡£¡¡P¡£¡¡MOORE£»¡¡Surgeon¡¡General¡£
Surgeon¡¡ISAIAH¡¡H¡£¡¡WHITE£»

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡charge¡¡of¡¡Hospital¡¡for¡¡Federal¡¡prisoners£»¡¡Andersonville£»¡¡Ga¡£


In¡¡compliance¡¡with¡¡this¡¡letter¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Surgeon¡¡General£»¡¡Isaiah¡¡H¡£¡¡White£»
Chief¡¡Surgeon¡¡of¡¡the¡¡post£»¡¡and¡¡R¡£¡¡R¡£¡¡Stevenson£»¡¡Surgeon¡¡in¡¡charge¡¡of¡¡the
Prison¡¡Hospital£»¡¡afforded¡¡the¡¡necessary¡¡facilities¡¡for¡¡the¡¡prosecution¡¡of
my¡¡investigations¡¡among¡¡the¡¡sick¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Stockade¡£¡¡¡¡After¡¡the
completion¡¡of¡¡my¡¡labors¡¡in¡¡the¡¡military¡¡prison¡¡hospital£»¡¡the¡¡following
communication¡¡was¡¡addressed¡¡to¡¡Brigadier¡¡General¡¡John¡¡H¡£¡¡Winder£»¡¡in
consequence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡refusal¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡commandant¡¡of¡¡the¡¡interior
of¡¡the¡¡Confederate¡¡States¡¡Military¡¡Prison¡¡to¡¡admit¡¡me¡¡within¡¡the¡¡Stockade
upon¡¡the¡¡order¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Surgeon¡¡General£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CAMP¡¡SUMTER£»¡¡ANDERSONVILLE¡¡GA¡££»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡September¡¡16£»¡¡1864¡£

GENERAL£ºI¡¡respectfully¡¡request¡¡the¡¡commandant¡¡of¡¡the¡¡post¡¡of
Andersonville¡¡to¡¡grant¡¡me¡¡permission¡¡and¡¡to¡¡furnish¡¡the¡¡necessary¡¡pass
to¡¡visit¡¡the¡¡sick¡¡and¡¡medical¡¡officers¡¡within¡¡the¡¡Stockade¡¡of¡¡the
Confederate¡¡States¡¡Prison¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡institute¡¡certain¡¡inquiries
ordered¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Surgeon¡¡General¡£¡¡¡¡Surgeon¡¡Isaiah¡¡H¡£¡¡White£»¡¡Chief¡¡Surgeon
of¡¡the¡¡post£»¡¡and¡¡Surgeon¡¡R¡£¡¡R¡£¡¡Stevenson£»¡¡in¡¡charge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Prison
Hospital£»¡¡have¡¡afforded¡¡me¡¡every¡¡facility¡¡for¡¡the¡¡prosecution¡¡of¡¡my
labors¡¡among¡¡the¡¡sick¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Stockade¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Very¡¡respectfully£»¡¡your¡¡obedient¡¡servant£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡JOSEPH¡¡JONES£»¡¡Surgeon¡¡P¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡C¡£¡¡S¡£

Brigadier¡¡General¡¡JOHN¡¡H¡£¡¡WINDER£»
Commandant£»¡¡Post¡¡Andersonville¡£


In¡¡the¡¡absence¡¡of¡¡General¡¡Winder¡¡from¡¡the¡¡post£»¡¡Captain¡¡Winder¡¡furnished
the¡¡following¡¡order£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CAMP¡¡SUMTER£»¡¡ANDERSONVILLE£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡September¡¡17£»¡¡1864¡£

CAPTAIN£ºYou¡¡will¡¡permit¡¡Surgeon¡¡Joseph¡¡Jones£»¡¡who¡¡has¡¡orders¡¡from¡¡the
Surgeon¡¡General£»¡¡to¡¡visit¡¡the¡¡sick¡¡within¡¡the¡¡Stockade¡¡that¡¡are¡¡under
medical¡¡treatment¡£¡¡¡¡Surgeon¡¡Jones¡¡is¡¡ordered¡¡to¡¡make¡¡certain
investigations¡¡which¡¡may¡¡prove¡¡useful¡¡to¡¡his¡¡profession¡£¡¡¡¡By¡¡direction¡¡of
General¡¡Winder¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Very¡¡respectfully£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡W¡£¡¡S¡£¡¡WINDER£»¡¡A¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡G¡£

Captain¡¡H¡£¡¡WIRZ£»¡¡Commanding¡¡Prison¡£


¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Description¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Confederate¡¡States¡¡Military¡¡Prison¡¡Hospital¡¡at
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Andersonville¡£¡¡Number¡¡of¡¡prisoners£»¡¡physical¡¡condition£»¡¡food£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡clothing£»¡¡habits£»¡¡moral¡¡condition£»¡¡diseases¡£

The¡¡Confederate¡¡Military¡¡Prison¡¡at¡¡Andersonville£»¡¡Ga¡££»¡¡consists¡¡of¡¡a
strong¡¡Stockade£»¡¡twenty¡¡feet¡¡in¡¡height£»¡¡enclosing¡¡twenty¡­seven¡¡acres¡£
The¡¡Stockade¡¡is¡¡formed¡¡of¡¡strong¡¡pine¡¡logs£»¡¡firmly¡¡planted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ground¡£
The¡¡main¡¡Stockade¡¡is¡¡surrounded¡¡by¡¡two¡¡other¡¡similar¡¡rows¡¡of¡¡pine¡¡logs£»
the¡¡middle¡¡Stockade¡¡being¡¡sixteen¡¡feet¡¡high£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡outer¡¡twelve¡¡feet¡£
These¡¡are¡¡intended¡¡for¡¡offense¡¡and¡¡defense¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡the¡¡inner¡¡Stockade¡¡should
at¡¡any¡¡time¡¡be¡¡forced¡¡by¡¡the¡¡prisoners£»¡¡the¡¡second¡¡forms¡¡another¡¡line¡¡of
defense£»¡¡while¡¡in¡¡case¡¡of¡¡an¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡deliver¡¡the¡¡prisoners¡¡by¡¡a¡¡force
operating¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡exterior£»¡¡the¡¡outer¡¡line¡¡forms¡¡an¡¡admirable¡¡protection
to¡¡the¡¡Confederate¡¡troops£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡most¡¡formidable¡¡obstacle¡¡to¡¡cavalry¡¡or
infantry¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡four¡¡angles¡¡of¡¡the¡¡outer¡¡line¡¡are¡¡strengthened¡¡by
earthworks¡¡upon¡¡commanding¡¡eminences£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡the¡¡cannon£»¡¡in¡¡case¡¡of
an¡¡outbreak¡¡among¡¡the¡¡prisoners£»¡¡may¡¡sweep¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡enclosure£»¡¡and¡¡it
was¡¡designed¡¡to¡¡connect¡¡these¡¡works¡¡by¡¡a¡¡line¡¡of¡¡rifle¡¡pits£»¡¡running¡¡zig¡­
zag£»¡¡around¡¡the¡¡outer¡¡Stockade£»¡¡those¡¡rifle¡¡pits¡¡have¡¡never¡¡been
completed¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡ground¡¡enclosed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡innermost¡¡Stockade¡¡lies¡¡in¡¡the
form¡¡of¡¡a¡¡parallelogram£»¡¡the¡¡larger¡¡diameter¡¡running¡¡almost¡¡due¡¡north¡¡and
south¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡space¡¡includes¡¡the¡¡northern¡¡and¡¡southern¡¡opposing¡¡sides¡¡of
two¡¡hills£»¡¡between¡¡which¡¡a¡¡stream¡¡of¡¡water¡¡runs¡¡from¡¡west¡¡to¡¡east¡£
The¡¡surface¡¡soil¡¡of¡¡these¡¡hills¡¡is¡¡composed¡¡chiefly¡¡of¡¡sand¡¡with¡¡varying
admixtures¡¡of¡¡clay¡¡and¡¡oxide¡¡of¡¡iron¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡clay¡¡is¡¡sufficiently¡¡tenacious
to¡¡give¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡degree¡¡of¡¡consistency¡¡to¡¡the¡¡soil¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡internal
structure¡¡of¡¡the

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ