Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > misc writings and speeches(Ã×˹¿Ë˵Óëд) >

µÚ35½Ú

misc writings and speeches(Ã×˹¿Ë˵Óëд)-µÚ35½Ú

С˵£º misc writings and speeches(Ã×˹¿Ë˵Óëд) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




he¡¡¡¡¡¡soon¡¡¡¡¡¡forgets£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡learns¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡worthy¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡111¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡112¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MISCELLANEOUS¡¡WRITINGS¡¡AND¡¡SPEECHES¡¡OF¡¡LORD¡¡MACAULAY¡¡



remembered¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡best¡¡works¡¡employ£»¡¡in¡¡general£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡small¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡

his¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Demosthenes¡¡is¡¡said¡¡to¡¡have¡¡transcribed¡¡six¡¡times¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡

Thucydides¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡politician¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡present¡¡¡¡¡¡age£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

might¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡space¡¡of¡¡time¡¡have¡¡skimmed¡¡innumerable¡¡newspapers¡¡

and¡¡pamphlets¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡condemn¡¡that¡¡desultory¡¡mode¡¡of¡¡study¡¡which¡¡the¡¡

state¡¡of¡¡things£»¡¡in¡¡our¡¡day£»¡¡renders¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡necessity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡be¡¡

allowed¡¡to¡¡doubt¡¡whether¡¡the¡¡changes¡¡on¡¡which¡¡the¡¡admirers¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡

institutions¡¡¡¡¡¡delight¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dwell¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡improved¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡condition¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

reality¡¡as¡¡in¡¡appearance¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rumford£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡said£»¡¡proposed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Elector¡¡of¡¡

Bavaria¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡scheme¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡feeding¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡soldiers¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡cheaper¡¡¡¡¡¡rate¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡

formerly¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡plan¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡simply¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡compel¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡masticate¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡food¡¡

thoroughly¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡quantity£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡eaten£»¡¡¡¡¡¡would£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡according¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡that¡¡

famous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡projector£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡afford¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sustenance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡¡¡¡¡¡meal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hastily¡¡

devoured¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡know¡¡how¡¡Rumford's¡¡proposition¡¡was¡¡received£»¡¡but¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡believe£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡nutritious¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡digest¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡page¡¡

than¡¡to¡¡devour¡¡a¡¡volume¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Books£»¡¡however£»¡¡¡¡were¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡education¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡Athenian¡¡

citizen¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡¡¡¡¡us£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡moment£»¡¡¡¡¡¡transport¡¡¡¡¡¡ourselves¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡thought£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡

glorious¡¡city¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡us¡¡imagine¡¡that¡¡we¡¡are¡¡entering¡¡its¡¡gates£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡

its¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡glory¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡crowd¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡assembled¡¡¡¡¡¡round¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡portico¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡

gazing¡¡with¡¡delight¡¡at¡¡the¡¡entablature£»¡¡for¡¡Phidias¡¡is¡¡putting¡¡up¡¡the¡¡frieze¡£¡¡

We¡¡turn¡¡into¡¡another¡¡street£»¡¡a¡¡rhapsodist¡¡is¡¡reciting¡¡there£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men£»¡¡women£»¡¡

children¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡thronging¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡round¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tears¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡running¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

cheeks£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡eyes¡¡are¡¡fixed£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡very¡¡breath¡¡is¡¡still£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡is¡¡telling¡¡

how¡¡Priam¡¡fell¡¡at¡¡the¡¡feet¡¡of¡¡Achilles£»¡¡and¡¡kissed¡¡those¡¡hands£»the¡¡terrible¡­¡¡

¡­the¡¡murderous£»which¡¡had¡¡slain¡¡so¡¡many¡¡of¡¡his¡¡sons¡£¡¡£¨kai¡¡kuse¡¡cheiras£»¡¡

deinas£»¡¡anorophonous£»¡¡ai¡¡oi¡¡poleas¡¡ktanon¡¡uias¡££©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡enter¡¡the¡¡public¡¡place£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡ring¡¡of¡¡youths£»¡¡all¡¡leaning¡¡forward£»¡¡

with¡¡sparkling¡¡eyes£»¡¡and¡¡gestures¡¡of¡¡expectation¡£¡¡Socrates¡¡is¡¡pitted¡¡against¡¡

the¡¡famous¡¡atheist£»¡¡from¡¡Ionia£»¡¡and¡¡has¡¡just¡¡brought¡¡him¡¡to¡¡a¡¡contradiction¡¡

in¡¡terms¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡we¡¡are¡¡interrupted¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡herald¡¡is¡¡crying¡¨Room¡¡for¡¡the¡¡

Prytanes¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡general¡¡assembly¡¡is¡¡to¡¡meet¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡people¡¡are¡¡swarming¡¡

in¡¡on¡¡every¡¡side¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Proclamation¡¡is¡¡made¡¨Who¡¡wishes¡¡to¡¡speak£¿¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡

is¡¡a¡¡shout£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡clapping¡¡of¡¡hands£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pericles¡¡is¡¡mounting¡¡the¡¡stand¡£¡¡Then¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡112¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡113¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MISCELLANEOUS¡¡WRITINGS¡¡AND¡¡SPEECHES¡¡OF¡¡LORD¡¡MACAULAY¡¡



for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡play¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Sophocles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡sup¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡Aspasia¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

modern¡¡university¡¡which¡¡has¡¡so¡¡excellent¡¡a¡¡system¡¡of¡¡education¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Knowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡acquired¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡opinions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡formed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡indeed£»¡¡

likely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡respects£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡defective¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Propositions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡

advanced¡¡in¡¡discourse¡¡generally¡¡result¡¡from¡¡a¡¡partial¡¡view¡¡of¡¡the¡¡question£»¡¡

and¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡kept¡¡under¡¡examination¡¡long¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡be¡¡corrected¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Men¡¡

of¡¡great¡¡conversational¡¡powers¡¡almost¡¡universally¡¡practise¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡lively¡¡

sophistry¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡exaggeration£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡deceives£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡moment£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡

themselves¡¡and¡¡their¡¡auditors¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡we¡¡see¡¡doctrines£»¡¡which¡¡cannot¡¡bear¡¡

a¡¡¡¡¡¡close¡¡¡¡¡¡inspection£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡triumph¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡perpetually¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡drawing¡­rooms£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡debating¡¡

societies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡legislative¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡judicial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡assemblies¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

conversational¡¡¡¡¡¡education¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Athenians¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡am¡¡¡¡¡¡inclined¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡attribute¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

great¡¡looseness¡¡of¡¡reasoning¡¡which¡¡is¡¡remarkable¡¡in¡¡most¡¡of¡¡their¡¡scientific¡¡

writings¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡illogical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡modern¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡writers¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stand¡¡

perfectly¡¡aghast¡¡at¡¡the¡¡puerile¡¡fallacies¡¡which¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡deluded¡¡some¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡men¡¡of¡¡antiquity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sir¡¡Thomas¡¡Lethbridge¡¡would¡¡stare¡¡at¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡political¡¡¡¡¡¡economy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Xenophon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡author¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Soirees¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡de¡¡

Petersbourg¡¨¡¡would¡¡be¡¡ashamed¡¡of¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡metaphysical¡¡arguments¡¡of¡¡

Plato¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡circumstances¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡retarded¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡growth¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡science¡¡

were¡¡¡¡¡¡peculiarly¡¡¡¡¡¡favourable¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡cultivation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡eloquence¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡From¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

early¡¡habit¡¡of¡¡taking¡¡a¡¡share¡¡in¡¡animated¡¡discussion¡¡the¡¡intelligent¡¡student¡¡

would¡¡derive¡¡that¡¡readiness¡¡of¡¡resource£»¡¡that¡¡copiousness¡¡of¡¡language£»¡¡and¡¡

that¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡temper¡¡and¡¡understanding¡¡of¡¡an¡¡audience£»¡¡which¡¡are¡¡

far¡¡more¡¡valuable¡¡to¡¡an¡¡orator¡¡than¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡logical¡¡powers¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Horace¡¡has¡¡prettily¡¡compared¡¡poems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡paintings¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡the¡¡

effect¡¡varies¡¡as¡¡the¡¡spectator¡¡changes¡¡his¡¡stand¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡same¡¡remark¡¡applies¡¡

with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡equal¡¡¡¡¡¡justice¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡speeches¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

temper¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡addressed£»¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡necessarily¡¡

appear¡¡to¡¡offend¡¡against¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡taste¡¡and¡¡reason£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡finest¡¡picture£»¡¡

seen¡¡in¡¡a¡¡light¡¡different¡¡from¡¡that¡¡for¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡designed£»¡¡will¡¡appear¡¡fit¡¡

only¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡sign¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡perpetually¡¡¡¡¡¡forgotten¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡criticise¡¡

oratory¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Because¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡reading¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡leisure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡pausing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡line£»¡¡

reconsidering¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡argument£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡forget¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡hearers¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡hurried¡¡

from¡¡point¡¡to¡¡point¡¡too¡¡rapidly¡¡to¡¡detect¡¡the¡¡fallacies¡¡through¡¡which¡¡they¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡113¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡114¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MISCELLANEOUS¡¡WRITINGS¡¡AND¡¡SPEECHES¡¡OF¡¡LORD¡¡MACAULAY¡¡



were¡¡¡¡¡¡conducted£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡disentangle¡¡¡¡¡¡sophisms£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

notice¡¡slight¡¡inaccuracies¡¡of¡¡expression£»¡¡that¡¡elaborate¡¡excellence£»¡¡either¡¡of¡¡

reasoning¡¡or¡¡of¡¡language£»¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡absolutely¡¡thrown¡¡away¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡

recur¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡analogy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sister¡¡¡¡¡¡art£»¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡connoisseurs¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡examine¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

panorama¡¡through¡¡a¡¡microscope£»¡¡and¡¡quarrel¡¡with¡¡a¡¡scene¡­painter¡¡because¡¡

he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡give¡¡to¡¡his¡¡work¡¡the¡¡exquisite¡¡finish¡¡of¡¡Gerard¡¡Dow¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Oratory¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡estimated¡¡on¡¡principles¡¡different¡¡from¡¡those¡¡which¡¡are¡¡

applied¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡productions¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Truth¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡object¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡philosophy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

history¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Truth¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡object¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡works¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡peculiarly¡¡

called¡¡works¡¡of¡¡fiction£»¡¡but¡¡which£»¡¡in¡¡fact£»¡¡bear¡¡the¡¡same¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡history¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡algebra¡¡¡¡¡¡bears¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡arithmetic¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡merit¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡poetry£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡wildest¡¡

forms£»¡¡still¡¡consists¡¡in¡¡its¡¡truth£»truth¡¡conveyed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡understanding£»¡¡not¡¡

directly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡words£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡circuitously¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡imaginative¡¡

associations£»¡¡which¡¡serve¡¡as¡¡its¡¡conductors¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡object¡¡of¡¡oratory¡¡alone¡¡

is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡truth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡persuasion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡admiration¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡multitude¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

make¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Moore¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡poet¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡Coleridge£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡Beattie¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡

philosopher¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡Berkeley¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡criterion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡eloquence¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡different¡£¡¡

A¡¡speaker¡¡who¡¡exhausts¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡philosophy¡¡of¡¡a¡¡question£»¡¡who¡¡displays¡¡

every¡¡¡¡¡¡grace¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡style£»¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡produces¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡effect¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡audience£»¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

great¡¡essayist£»¡¡a¡¡great¡¡statesman£»¡¡a¡¡great¡¡master¡¡of¡¡composition£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡is¡¡

not¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡orator¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡miss¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mark£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡difference¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

have¡¡taken¡¡aim¡¡too¡¡high¡¡or¡¡too¡¡low¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡effect¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡freedom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡press¡¡in¡¡England¡¡has¡¡been£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡

great¡¡measure£»¡¡to¡¡destroy¡¡this¡¡distinction£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡leave¡¡among¡¡us¡¡little¡¡of¡¡

what¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡call¡¡¡¡Oratory¡¡¡¡¡¡Proper¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Our¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡legislators£»¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡candidates£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡

occasions¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡advocates£»¡¡¡¡¡¡address¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡audience¡¡

than¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡reporters¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡few¡¡¡¡¡¡hearers¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

innumerable¡¡¡¡¡¡readers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡¡¡¡¡Athens¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡different£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡

object¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡speaker¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡immediate¡¡¡¡¡¡conviction¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡persuasion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He£»¡¡

therefore£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡justly¡¡¡¡¡¡appreciate¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡merit¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Grecian¡¡¡¡¡¡orators¡¡

should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡place¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡nearly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡possible£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡situation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡their¡¡

auditors£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡divest¡¡¡¡

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨1£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ