Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > phenomenology of mind >

µÚ8½Ú

phenomenology of mind-µÚ8½Ú

С˵£º phenomenology of mind ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡itself¡¡in¡¡all¡¡its¡¡objects¡£¡¡Since¡¡all¡¡the¡¡modes¡¡of¡¡finitude¡¡hitherto¡¡considered¡¡£¨consciousness£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡self¡­consciousness£»¡¡etc¡££©¡¡are¡¡embraced¡¡in¡¡its¡¡single¡¡totality£»¡¡it¡¡may¡¡use¡¡each¡¡and¡¡all¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡various¡¡modes¡¡as¡¡the¡¡media¡¡through¡¡and¡¡in¡¡which¡¡to¡¡appear¡£¡¡When¡¡it¡¡appears¡¡in
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡through¡¡these¡¡modes¡¡of¡¡finitude¡¡we¡¡have¡¡the¡¡attitude¡¡of¡¡Religion¡£¡¡Since¡¡these¡¡modes£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡we¡¡saw£»¡¡differ£»¡¡the¡¡religious¡¡attitude¡¡differs£»¡¡and¡¡accordingly¡¡we¡¡have¡¡various¡¡types¡¡or
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡religion¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Each¡¡of¡¡these¡¡forms£»¡¡in¡¡and¡¡through¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Absolute¡¡appears£»¡¡is¡¡circumscribed¡¡in¡¡its
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nature¡¡and¡¡process£»¡¡each¡¡is¡¡per¡¡se¡¡inadequate¡¡to¡¡the¡¡revelation¡¡of¡¡complete¡¡absolute
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡self¡­consciousness£º¡¡hence¡¡the¡¡variety¡¡of¡¡religion¡¡is¡¡necessitated¡¡by¡¡and¡¡is¡¡indirectly¡¡due¡¡to
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡failure¡¡of¡¡any¡¡one¡¡type¡¡and¡¡the¡¡inadequacy¡¡of¡¡every¡¡single¡¡type¡¡to¡¡reveal¡¡the¡¡Absolute
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡completely¡£¡¡A¡¡form¡¡of¡¡appearance¡¡or¡¡self¡­manifestation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡absolute¡¡is¡¡therefore
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡demanded¡¡which¡¡will¡¡reveal¡¡Absolute¡¡Spirit¡¡adequately¡¡to¡¡itself¡¡as¡¡it¡¡essentially¡¡is¡¡in¡¡itself¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Here¡¡it¡¡will¡¡know¡¡itself£»¡¡so¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡face¡¡to¡¡face£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡perfect¡¡completeness¡£¡¡This¡¡form¡¡is
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Absolute¡¡Knowledge¡£¡¡Hence¡¡Religion¡¡and¡¡Absolute¡¡Knowledge¡¡are¡¡the¡¡final¡¡stages¡¡in¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡argument¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Phenomenology¡£¡¡The¡¡former¡¡is¡¡dealt¡¡with¡¡in¡¡the¡¡immediately¡¡succeeding
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡section¡¡£¨VII£©¡¡and¡¡its¡¡various¡¡subsections£»¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡forms¡¡the¡¡subject¡¡of¡¡the¡¡concluding
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡section¡¡£¨VIII£©¡¡of¡¡the¡¡work¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡£¡¡Natural¡¡Religion

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Translator's¡¡comments£º¡¡The¡¡arrangement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡analysis¡¡of¡¡Religion¡¡and¡¡the¡¡divisions¡¡into
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡various¡¡subsections¡¡are£»¡¡as¡¡indicated¡¡in¡¡the¡¡preceding¡¡note¡¡£¨p¡£¡¡683£©£»¡¡determined¡¡by
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡general¡¡development¡¡of¡¡experience¡£¡¡That¡¡development¡¡is¡¡from¡¡the¡¡immediate¡¡through
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mediation¡¡to¡¡the¡¡fusion¡¡of¡¡immediacy¡¡and¡¡mediation¡£¡¡The¡¡stages¡¡of¡¡the¡¡development¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡experience¡¡are¡¡Consciousness£»¡¡Self¡­consciousness£»¡¡Reason£»¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡leading¡¡to¡¡its
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡highest¡¡level¡¡¡ª¡¡finite¡¡Spiritual¡¡existence¡£¡¡The¡¡development¡¡of¡¡Religion¡¡follows¡¡these¡¡various
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ways¡¡in¡¡which¡¡objects¡¡are¡¡given¡¡in¡¡experience£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡three¡¡chief¡¡divisions¡¡of¡¡Religion¡¡are
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡determined¡¡accordingly£º¡¡Natural¡¡Religion¡¡is¡¡religion¡¡at¡¡the¡¡level¡¡of¡¡Consciousness£»¡¡Art£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Religion¡¡at¡¡the¡¡level¡¡of¡¡Self¡­consciousness£»¡¡Revealed¡¡Religion¡¡is¡¡Religion¡¡at¡¡the¡¡level¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Reason¡¡and¡¡Spirit¡£¡¡Each¡¡of¡¡these¡¡is¡¡again¡¡subdivided£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡subdivision¡¡follows¡¡more¡¡or
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡closely¡¡the¡¡various¡¡subdivisions¡¡of¡¡these¡¡three¡¡ultimate¡¡levels¡¡of¡¡experience¡¡¡ª
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Consciousness£»¡¡etc¡£¡¡Thus£»¡¡in¡¡Natural¡¡Religion£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡Religion¡¡at¡¡the¡¡level¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sense¡­certainty¡¡¡ª¡¡¡¨Light¡¨£º¡¡Religion¡¡at¡¡the¡¡level¡¡of¡¡Perception¡¡¡ª¡¡¡¨Life¡¨£º¡¡and¡¡Religion¡¡at¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡level¡¡of¡¡Understanding¡¡¡ª¡¡the¡¡reciprocal¡¡relation¡¡constituted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡¡¨play¡¡of¡¡forces¡¨¡¡appears
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡the¡¡relation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¨Artificer¡¨¡¡to¡¡his¡¡own¡¡product¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡general¡¡principle¡¡is¡¡not¡¡worked¡¡out¡¡in¡¡detail£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡same¡¡obviousness£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡other¡¡two¡¡primary¡¡types¡¡of¡¡Religion¡¡¡ª¡¡Art¡¡and¡¡Revealed¡¡Religion¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡same¡¡general
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡method¡¡of¡¡development¡¡is¡¡pursued¡¡in¡¡these¡¡cases¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡historical¡¡material¡¡before¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡is£»¡¡as¡¡might¡¡be¡¡expected£»¡¡the¡¡various
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡religions¡¡which¡¡have¡¡historically¡¡appeared¡¡amongst¡¡mankind¡£¡¡These¡¡religions¡¡are¡¡treated£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡however£»¡¡as¡¡illustrations¡¡of¡¡principles¡¡dominating¡¡the¡¡religious¡¡consciousness¡¡m¡¡general£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡as¡¡merely¡¡historical¡¡phenomena¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡With¡¡the¡¡succeeding¡¡argument¡¡should¡¡be¡¡read¡¡Hegel's¡¡Philosophy¡¡of¡¡Religion£»¡¡Part¡¡II£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sections¡¡I¡¡and¡¡II£»¡¡and¡¡Part¡¡III¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡B¡£¡¡Religion¡¡in¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡Art
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡£¡¡The¡¡abstract¡¡work¡¡of¡¡art
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡b¡£¡¡The¡¡living¡¡work¡¡of¡¡art
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡c¡£¡¡The¡¡spiritual¡¡work¡¡of¡¡art

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡C¡£¡¡Revealed¡¡Religion

£¨DD£©¡£¡¡Absolute¡¡Knowledge¡¡

VIII¡£¡¡Absolute¡¡Knowledge




PREFACE
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡scientific¡¡knowledge

In¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡a¡¡philosophical¡¡work¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡not¡¡only¡¡superfluous£»¡¡but£»¡¡in¡¡view¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of
philosophy£»¡¡even¡¡inappropriate¡¡and¡¡misleading¡¡to¡¡begin£»¡¡as¡¡writers¡¡usually¡¡do¡¡in¡¡a¡¡preface£»¡¡by
explaining¡¡the¡¡end¡¡the¡¡author¡¡had¡¡in¡¡mind£»¡¡the¡¡circumstances¡¡which¡¡gave¡¡rise¡¡to¡¡the¡¡work£»¡¡and¡¡the
relation¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡takes¡¡it¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡to¡¡other¡¡treatises¡¡on¡¡the¡¡same¡¡subject£»¡¡written¡¡by¡¡his
predecessors¡¡or¡¡his¡¡contemporaries¡£¡¡For¡¡whatever¡¡it¡¡might¡¡be¡¡suitable¡¡to¡¡state¡¡about¡¡philosophy¡¡in
a¡¡preface¡¡¡ª¡¡say£»¡¡an¡¡historical¡¡sketch¡¡of¡¡the¡¡main¡¡drift¡¡and¡¡point¡¡of¡¡view£»¡¡the¡¡general¡¡content¡¡and
results£»¡¡a¡¡string¡¡of¡¡desultory¡¡assertions¡¡and¡¡assurances¡¡about¡¡the¡¡truth¡¡¡ª¡¡this¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡accepted
as¡¡the¡¡form¡¡and¡¡manner¡¡in¡¡which¡¡to¡¡expound¡¡philosophical¡¡truth¡£

Moreover£»¡¡because¡¡philosophy¡¡has¡¡its¡¡being¡¡essentially¡¡in¡¡the¡¡element¡¡of¡¡that¡¡universality¡¡which
encloses¡¡the¡¡particular¡¡within¡¡it£»¡¡the¡¡end¡¡or¡¡final¡¡result¡¡seems£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡philosophy¡¡more¡¡than
in¡¡that¡¡of¡¡other¡¡sciences£»¡¡to¡¡have¡¡absolutely¡¡expressed¡¡the¡¡complete¡¡fact¡¡itself¡¡in¡¡its¡¡very¡¡nature£»
contrasted¡¡with¡¡that¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡process¡¡of¡¡bringing¡¡it¡¡to¡¡light¡¡would¡¡seem£»¡¡properly¡¡speaking£»¡¡to
have¡¡no¡¡essential¡¡significance¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡general¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡e¡£g¡£¡¡anatomy¡­the
knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡body¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡lifeless¡¡¡ª¡¡we¡¡are¡¡quite¡¡sure¡¡we¡¡do¡¡not¡¡possess¡¡the
objective¡¡concrete¡¡fact£»¡¡the¡¡actual¡¡content¡¡of¡¡the¡¡science£»¡¡but¡¡must£»¡¡over¡¡and¡¡above£»¡¡be¡¡concerned
with¡¡particulars¡£¡¡Further£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡such¡¡a¡¡collection¡¡of¡¡items¡¡of¡¡knowledge£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡no¡¡real
right¡¡to¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡science£»¡¡any¡¡talk¡¡about¡¡purpose¡¡and¡¡suchlike¡¡generalities¡¡is¡¡not¡¡commonly¡¡very
different¡¡from¡¡the¡¡descriptive¡¡and¡¡superficial¡¡way¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡contents¡¡of¡¡the¡¡science¡¡these¡¡nerves
and¡¡muscles£»¡¡etc¡£¡­are¡¡themselves¡¡spoken¡¡of¡£¡¡In¡¡philosophy£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡it¡¡would¡¡at¡¡once¡¡be
felt¡¡incongruous¡¡were¡¡such¡¡a¡¡method¡¡made¡¡use¡¡of¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡shown¡¡by¡¡philosophy¡¡itself¡¡to¡¡be
incapable¡¡of¡¡grasping¡¡the¡¡truth¡£¡¡

In¡¡the¡¡same¡¡way¡¡too£»¡¡by¡¡determining¡¡the¡¡relation¡¡which¡¡a¡¡philosophical¡¡work¡¡professes¡¡to¡¡have¡¡to
other¡¡treatises¡¡on¡¡the¡¡same¡¡subject£»¡¡an¡¡extraneous¡¡interest¡¡is¡¡introduced£»¡¡and¡¡obscurity¡¡is¡¡thrown
over¡¡the¡¡point¡¡at¡¡issue¡¡in¡¡the¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡truth¡£¡¡The¡¡more¡¡the¡¡ordinary¡¡mind¡¡takes¡¡the
opposition¡¡between¡¡true¡¡and¡¡false¡¡to¡¡be¡¡fixed£»¡¡the¡¡more¡¡is¡¡it¡¡accustomed¡¡to¡¡expect¡¡either
agreement¡¡or¡¡contradiction¡¡with¡¡a¡¡given¡¡philosophical¡¡system£»¡¡and¡¡only¡¡to¡¡see¡¡reason¡¡for¡¡the¡¡one
or¡¡the¡¡other¡¡in¡¡any¡¡explanatory¡¡statement¡¡concerning¡¡such¡¡a¡¡system¡£¡¡It¡¡does¡¡not¡¡conceive¡¡the
diversity¡¡of¡¡philosophical¡¡systems¡¡as¡¡the¡¡progressive¡¡evolution¡¡of¡¡truth£»¡¡rather£»¡¡it¡¡sees¡¡only
contradiction¡¡in¡¡that¡¡varietv¡£¡¡The¡¡bud¡¡disappears¡¡when¡¡the¡¡blossom¡¡breaks¡¡through£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡might
say¡¡that¡¡the¡¡former¡¡is¡¡refuted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡latter£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡way¡¡when¡¡the¡¡fruit¡¡comes£»¡¡the¡¡blossom¡¡may
be¡¡explained¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡false¡¡form¡¡of¡¡the¡¡plant's¡¡existence£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡fruit¡¡appears¡¡as¡¡its¡¡true¡¡nature¡¡in
place¡¡of¡¡the¡¡blossom¡£¡¡These¡¡stages¡¡are¡¡not¡¡merely¡¡differentiated£»¡¡they¡¡supplant¡¡one¡¡another¡¡as
being¡¡incompatible¡¡with¡¡one¡¡another¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡ceaseless¡¡activity¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡inherent¡¡nature¡¡makes
them¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡moments¡¡of¡¡an¡¡organic¡¡unity£»¡¡where¡¡they¡¡not¡¡merely¡¡do¡¡not¡¡contradict¡¡one
another£»¡¡but¡¡where¡¡one¡¡is¡¡as¡¡necessary¡¡as¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡equal¡¡necessity¡¡of¡¡all¡¡moments
constitutes¡¡alone¡¡and¡¡thereby¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡£¡¡But¡¡contradiction¡¡as¡¡between¡¡philosophical
systems¡¡is¡¡not¡¡wont¡¡to¡¡be¡¡conceived¡¡in¡¡this¡¡way£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡perceiving¡¡the
contradiction¡¡does¡¡not¡¡commonly¡¡know¡¡how¡¡to¡¡relieve¡¡it¡¡or¡¡keep¡¡it¡¡free¡¡from¡¡its¡¡onesidedness£»¡¡and
to¡¡recognize¡¡in¡¡what¡¡seems¡¡conflicting¡¡and¡¡inherently¡¡antagonistic¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡mutually
necessary¡¡moments¡£

The¡¡demand¡¡for¡¡such¡¡explanations£»¡¡as¡¡also¡¡the¡¡attempts¡¡to¡¡satisfy¡¡this¡¡demand£»¡¡very¡¡easily£»¡¡pass
for¡¡the¡¡essential¡¡business¡¡philosophy¡¡has¡¡to¡¡undertake¡£¡¡Where¡¡could¡¡the¡¡inmost¡¡truth¡¡of¡¡a
philosophical¡¡work¡¡be¡¡found¡¡better¡¡expressed¡¡than¡¡in¡¡its¡¡purposes¡¡and¡¡results£¿¡¡and¡¡in¡¡what¡¡way
could¡¡these¡¡be¡¡more¡¡definitely¡¡known¡¡than¡¡through¡¡their¡¡distinction¡¡from¡¡what¡¡is¡¡produced¡¡during
the¡¡same¡¡period¡¡by¡¡others¡¡working¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡field£¿¡¡If£»¡¡however£»¡¡such¡¡procedure¡¡is¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡for
more¡¡than¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡knowledge£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡for¡¡actually¡¡knowing£»¡¡then¡¡we¡¡must£»¡¡in¡¡point
of¡¡fact£»¡¡look¡¡on¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡device¡¡for¡¡avoiding¡¡the¡¡real¡¡business¡¡at¡¡issue£»¡¡an¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡combine¡¡the
appearance¡¡of¡¡being¡¡in¡¡earnest¡¡and¡¡taking¡¡trouble¡¡about¡¡the¡¡subject¡¡with¡¡an¡¡actual¡¡neglect¡¡of¡¡the
subject¡¡altogether¡£¡¡For¡¡the¡¡real¡¡subject¡­matter¡¡is¡¡not¡¡exhausted¡¡in¡¡its¡¡purpose£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡working¡¡the
matter¡¡out£»¡¡nor¡¡is¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡result¡¡attained¡¡the¡¡concrete¡¡whole¡¡itself£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡result¡¡along¡¡with¡¡the
process¡¡of¡¡arriving¡¡at¡¡it¡£¡¡The¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡itself¡¡is¡¡a¡¡lifeless¡¡universal£»¡¡just¡¡as¡¡the¡¡general¡¡drift¡¡is¡¡a
mere¡¡activity¡¡in¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡direction£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡still¡¡without¡¡its¡¡concrete¡¡realization£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡naked
result¡¡is¡¡the¡¡corpse¡¡of¡¡the¡¡system¡¡which¡¡has¡¡left¡¡its¡¡guiding¡¡tendency¡¡behind¡¡it¡£¡¡Similarly£»¡¡the
distinctive¡¡difference¡¡of¡¡anything¡¡is¡¡rather¡¡the¡¡boundary£»¡¡the¡¡limit£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡subject£»¡¡it¡¡

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ