study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及20准
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so great a story if it is told that way。 One of his biographers says of
Lincoln that there is nothing in his whole career which calls for
explanation in other than a purely natural and human way。 That is true�察�if
one does not care to go any farther back than that。 But the greatest story
cannot be made out of Lincoln's life on those terms。 There is not material
enough�察 �the life must be delocalized。 It can be told without that larger
view�察�so that it will be of interest to America and American children�察�but
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not so that it will be of value to generations of men in all countries and
under all circumstances if it is told on those terms。 Part of the greatness of
Scripture�察�from a literary point of view�察�is that it has such a tremendous
range of theme�察 �and is saved from a mere narration of local events by
seeing those events in the light of larger considerations。
Let that stand for one of the great facts。 Now take one of the great
problems。 The thing that makes Job so great a classic is the fact that�察�while
it is dealing with a character�察�he is standing for the problem of undeserved
suffering。 A man who has that before him�察 �if he has at all the gift of
imagination�察�is sure to write in a far larger way than when he is dealing
with a man with boils as though he were finally important。 One could deal
with Job as a character�察�and do a small piece of work。 But when you deal
with Job as a type�察�a much larger opportunity offers。
It is these great ideas�察 �as to either facts or problems�察 �that give the
seriousness�察�the earnestness to the literature of the Bible。 Men who express
great ideas in literary form are not dilettante about them。 One of the
English writers just now prominent as an essayist is often counted
whimsical�察 �trifling。 One of his near friends keenly resents that opinion�察�
insists instead that he is dead in earnest�察 �serious to the last degree�察�
purposeful in all his work。 What makes that so difficult to believe is that
there is always a tone of chaffing in his essays。 He seems always to be
making fun of himself or of other people�察�and if he is dead in earnest he
has the wrong style to make great literature or literature that will live long。
It is that earnestness and greatness of theme which puts the tang into
the English of the Bible。 Coleridge says that ;after reading Isaiah or the
Epistle to the Hebrews�察 �Homer and Virgil are disgustingly tame�察 �Milton
himself barely tolerable。; It need not be put quite so strongly as that�察�but
there is large warrant of fact in that expression。
Go a little farther in thought of the literary characteristics of the Bible。
Notice the variety of the forms involved。 Recall Professor Moulton's four
cardinal points in literature�察 �all of it taking one of these forms�此 �either
description�察 �when a scene is given in the words of the author�察 �as when
Milton and Homer describe scenes without pretending to give the words of
the actors throughout�察�or�察�secondly�察�presentation�察�when a scene is given in
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the words of those who took part in it�察�and the author does not appear�察�as�察�
of course�察�in the plays of Shakespeare�察�when he never appears�察�but where
all his sentiments are put in the words of others。 As between those two�察�the
Bible is predominantly a book of description�察�the authors for the most part
doing the speaking�察�though there is�察�of course�察�an element of presentation。
Professor Moulton goes on with the two other phases of literary form�此�
prose�察 �moving in the region limited by facts�察 �as history and philosophy
deal only with what actually has existence�察�and poetry�察�which by its Greek
origin means creative literature。 He reminds us that�察 �however literature
starts�察�these are the points toward which it moves�察�the paths it takes。 All
four of them appear in the literature of the English Bible。 You have more
of prose and less of poetry�察 �but the poetry is there�察 �not in the sense of
rhyme�察�but in the sense of real creative literature。
A more natural way of considering the literature has been followed by
Professor Gardiner。 He finds four elements in the literature of the Bible�此�its
narrative�察 �its poetry�察 �its philosophizing�察 �and its prophecy。 It is not
necessary for our purpose to go into details about that。 We shall have all
we need when we realize that�察�small as the volume of the book is�察�it yet
does cover all these types of literature。 Its difference from other books is
that it deals with all of its subjects so compactly。
It will accent this fact of its variety if we note the musical element in
the literature of the Bible。 It comes in part from the form which marks the
original Hebrew poetry。 It has become familiar to say that it is not of the
rhyming kind。 Rather it is marked by the balancing of phrases or of ideas�察�
so that it runs in couplets or in triplets throughout。 In the Psalms there is
always a balance of clauses。 They are sometimes adversative�察�sometimes
they are simply cumulative。 Take several instances from the 119th Psalm�察�
each a complete stanza of Hebrew poetry�察。�verse 15�� ;I will meditate in
thy precepts�察�and have respect unto thy ways;�察�or this ��verse 23���察 �Princes
also did sit and speak against me�此 �but thy servant did meditate in thy
statutes;�察 �or this ��verse 45���察 �And I will walk at liberty�此 �for I seek thy
precepts;�察 。�verse 51�撮� ;The proud have had me greatly in derision�此 �yet
have I not inclined from thy law。; Each presents a parallel or a contrast of
ideas。 That is the characteristic mark of Hebrew poetry。 It results in a kind
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of rhythm of the English which makes it very easy to set to music。 Some
of it can be sung�察 �though for some of it only the thunder is the right
accompaniment。 But it is not simply in the balance of phrases that the
musical element appears。 Sometimes it is in a natural but rhythmic
consecution of ideas。 The 35th chapter of Isaiah�察�for example�察�is not poetic
in the Hebrew�察�yet it is remarkably musical in the English。 Read it aloud
from our familiar version�此�
;The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them�察�and the
desert shall rejoice�察�and blossom as the rose。 It shall blossom abundantly�察�
and rejoice even with joy and singing�察�the glory of Lebanon shall be given
unto it�察�the excellency of Carmel and Sharon�察�they shall see the glory of
the Lord�察�and the excellency of our God。 Strengthen ye the weak hands�察�
and confirm the feeble knees。 Say to them that are of a fearful heart�察�Be
strong�察�fear not�此�behold�察�your God will come with vengeance�察�even God
with a recompense�察�He will come and save you。 Then the eyes of the blind
shall be opened�察�and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped。 Then shall the
lame man leap as a hart�察 �and the tongue of the dumb sing�此 �for in the
wilderness shall waters break out�察 �and streams in the desert。 And the
parched ground shall become a pool�察�and the thirsty land springs of water�此�
in the habitation of dragons�察�where each lay�察�shall be grass with reeds and
rushes。 And a highway shall be there�察�and a way�察�and it shall be called The
way of holiness�察�the unclean shall not pass over it�察�but it shall be for those�此�
the wayfaring men�察 �though fools�察 �shall not err therein。 No lion shall be
there�察 �nor any ravenous beast shall go up thereon�察 �it shall not be found
there�察 �but the redeemed shall walk there�此 �and the ransomed of the Lord
shall return�察�and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their
heads�察 �they shall obtain joy and gladness�察 �and sorrow and sighing shall
flee away。;
That can be set to music as it stands。 You catch the same form in the
familiar 13th chapter of I Corinthians�察�the chapter on Charity。 It could be
almost sung throughout。 This musical elemen