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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及13准

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instance。   There   is   a   Hebrew   word�察  �Sheol�察  �with   a   Greek   word�察  �Hades�察�

which corresponds to it。 Usage had adopted the Anglo´Saxon word Hell as 

the equivalent of both of these words�察�so they translated Sheol and Hades 

with the English word Hell。 The only question that had been raised was by 

that   Hugh   Broughton   of  whom  we   were  speaking   a   moment   ago�察 �and   it 

had   not   seemed   a   serious   one。   Certainly   the   three   terms   have   much   in 

common�察�and there are places where both the original words seemed to be 

virtually  equivalent to the Anglo´Saxon   Hell�察�but they  are   not the   same。 

The Revised Version of our own time returned to the original�察�and instead 

of translating those words whose meaning can be debated�察�it transliterated 



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them and brought the Hebrew word Sheol and the Greek word Hades over 

into English。 That�察�of course�察�gave a chance for paragraphers to say that 

the Revised Version had read Hell out of the Scriptures。 All that happened 

was that cognizance was taken of a dispute which would have guided the 

King James translators if it had existed in their time�察�and we should not 

have become familiar with the Anglo´Saxon word Hell as the translation 

of those disputed Hebrew and Greek words。 

     We   need   not   seek   more   instances。 These are   enough to   illustrate   the 

saying that here is an honest version�察�the fruit of the best scholarship of the 

times�察�without prejudice。 

     II。 A second trait of the work as a version is its remarkable accuracy。 It 

is surprising that with all the new light coming from early documents�察�with 

all the new discoveries that have been made。 the latest revision needed to 

make so few changes�察�and those for the most part minor ones。 There are�察�

to be sure�察�some important changes�察�as we shall see later�察�the wonder is 

that there are not many more。 The King James version had�察�to be sure�察�the 

benefit   of   all   the   earlier   controversy。 The   whole   ground   had   been   really 

fought over   in   the   centuries   before�察  �and   most   of   the   questions   had   been 

discussed。 They frankly made use of all the earlier controversy。 They say 

in their preface�此 �Truly�察�good Christian reader�察�we never thought from the 

beginning that we should need to make a new translation�察�nor yet to make 

a bad one a good one�察�but to make a good one better。 That hath been our 

endeavor�察  �that   our   work。; Also�察  �they   had   the   advantage   of   deliberation。 

This was the first version that had been made which had such sanction that 

they could take their time�察�and in which they had no reason to fear that the 

results would endanger them。 They say in their preface that they had not 

run    over   their   work    with    that  ;posting    haste;    that   had   marked     the 

Septuagint�察�if the saying was true that they did it all in seventy´two days�察�

nor were they ;barred and hindered from going over it again�察─�as Jerome 

himself   said   he   had   been�察  �since   as   soon   as   he   wrote   any   part   ;it   was 

snatched away from him and published;�察�nor were they ;working in a new 

field�察─�as   Origen   was   when he   wrote his   first   commentary  on   the   Bible。 

Both   these   thingstheir   taking   advantage   of   earlier   controversies   which 

had cleared many differences�察�and their deliberationwere supplemented 



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by    a  third   which    gave    great   accuracy      to  the   version。    That   was    their 

adoption of the principle of all early translators�察�perhaps worded best by 

Purvey�察  �who   completed   the   Wiclif   version�此   �The   best   translation   is   to 

translate   after   the   sentence�察  �and   not   only   after   the   words�察  �so   that   the 

sentence be as open in English as in Latin。; That makes for accuracy。 It is 

quite   impossible   to   put   any   language   over�察  �word   for   word�察  �into   another 

without   great      inaccuracy。     But   when     the  translators    sought     to  take   the 

sentence of the Hebrew or the Greek and put it into an exactly equivalent 

English sentence�察�they had larger play for their language and they had a 

fairer field for accuracy。 These were the three great facts which made the 

remarkable   accuracy   possible�察         �and   it  may   be   interesting     to   note  three 

corresponding   results   which   show   the   effort   they   made   to   be   absolutely 

accurate and fair in their translation。 

     The first of those results is visible in the italicized words which they 

used。     In    the   King     James      version     words      in   italics   are    a   frank 

acknowledgment that the Greek or the Hebrew cannot be put into English 

literally。   These     are  English     words    which     are   put  in   because     it  seems 

impossible       to  express    the   meaning      originally    intended     without    certain 

additions which the reader must take into account in his understanding of 

the   version。   We   need   not   think   far   to   see   how   necessary   that   was。   The 

arrangement   of   words   in   Greek�察  �for   example�察  �is   different   from   that   in 

English。 The Greek of the first verse of the Gospel of John reads that ;God 

was the Word�察─�but the English makes its sentences in a reversed form�察�and 

it really means�察 �the Word was God。; So the Greek uses particles where 

the English does not。 Often it would say ;the God; where we would say 

simply ;God。; Those particles are ordinarily wisely omitted。 So the Greek 

does   not   use   verbs   at   some   points   where   it   is   quite   essential   that   the 

English shall use them。 But it is only fair that in reading a version of the 

Scripture we should know what words have been put in by translators in 

their effort to make the version clear to us�察�and the italicized words of the 

King James version are a frank effort to be accurate and yet fair。 

     The     second    result   which     shows     their   effort  at   accuracy     is  in  the 

marginal readings。 Most of these are optional readings�察�and are preceded 

by the word ;or�察─�which indicates that one may read what is in the text�察�or 



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substitute for it what is in the margin with equal fairness to the original。 

But sometimes�察�instead of that familiar ;or�察─�occur letters which indicate 

that the Hebrew or the Greek literally means something else than what is 

given in the English text�察�and what it literally means is given in the margin。 

The   translators   thereby   say   to   the   reader   that   if   he   can   take   that   literal 

meaning and put it into the text so that it is intelligible to him�察�here is his 

chance。 As for them�察�they think that the whole context or meaning of the 

sentence rather involves the use of the phrase which they put into the text。 

But the marginal references are of great interest to most of us as showing 

how these men were frank to say that there were some things they could 

not   settle。  They   were     rather   blamed     for  it�察  �chiefly   by   those  who   had 

committed       themselves      to  the   Douai    version�察   �which    has   no   marginal 

readings�察�on the ground that the translation ought to be as authoritative as 

the original。 The King James translators repudiate that theory and frankly 

say that the reason they put these words in the margin was because they 

were not sure what was the best reading。 In the margin of the epistle to the 

Romans there are eighty´ four such marginal readings�察�and the proportion 

will   hold   throughout   most   of   the   version。   They   were   only   trying   to   be 

accurate and to give every one a chance to make up his own mind where 

there was fair reason to question their results。 

     The   third   thing   which   shows   their   effort   at   accuracy  is   their   explicit 

avoidance of uniformity in translating the same word。 They tried to put the 

meaning into English terms。 So�察�as they say�察�the one word might become 

either    ;journeying;      or  ;traveling;�察    �one   word    might    be   ;thinking;     or 

;supposing�察─   �joy;   or   ;gladness�察─   �eternal;   or   ;everlasting。;   One   of   the 

reasons they give for this is quaint enough to quote。 They said they did not 

think it right to honor some words by giving them a place forever in the 

Bible�察�while they virtually said to other equally good words�此�Get ye hence 

and   be   banished   forever。 They  quote   a   ;certaine great   philosopher;   who 

said tha

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