study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及13准
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
instance。 There is a Hebrew word�察 �Sheol�察 �with a Greek word�察 �Hades�察�
which corresponds to it。 Usage had adopted the Anglo´Saxon word Hell as
the equivalent of both of these words�察�so they translated Sheol and Hades
with the English word Hell。 The only question that had been raised was by
that Hugh Broughton of whom we were speaking a moment ago�察 �and it
had not seemed a serious one。 Certainly the three terms have much in
common�察�and there are places where both the original words seemed to be
virtually equivalent to the Anglo´Saxon Hell�察�but they are not the same。
The Revised Version of our own time returned to the original�察�and instead
of translating those words whose meaning can be debated�察�it transliterated
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them and brought the Hebrew word Sheol and the Greek word Hades over
into English。 That�察�of course�察�gave a chance for paragraphers to say that
the Revised Version had read Hell out of the Scriptures。 All that happened
was that cognizance was taken of a dispute which would have guided the
King James translators if it had existed in their time�察�and we should not
have become familiar with the Anglo´Saxon word Hell as the translation
of those disputed Hebrew and Greek words。
We need not seek more instances。 These are enough to illustrate the
saying that here is an honest version�察�the fruit of the best scholarship of the
times�察�without prejudice。
II。 A second trait of the work as a version is its remarkable accuracy。 It
is surprising that with all the new light coming from early documents�察�with
all the new discoveries that have been made。 the latest revision needed to
make so few changes�察�and those for the most part minor ones。 There are�察�
to be sure�察�some important changes�察�as we shall see later�察�the wonder is
that there are not many more。 The King James version had�察�to be sure�察�the
benefit of all the earlier controversy。 The whole ground had been really
fought over in the centuries before�察 �and most of the questions had been
discussed。 They frankly made use of all the earlier controversy。 They say
in their preface�此 �Truly�察�good Christian reader�察�we never thought from the
beginning that we should need to make a new translation�察�nor yet to make
a bad one a good one�察�but to make a good one better。 That hath been our
endeavor�察 �that our work。; Also�察 �they had the advantage of deliberation。
This was the first version that had been made which had such sanction that
they could take their time�察�and in which they had no reason to fear that the
results would endanger them。 They say in their preface that they had not
run over their work with that ;posting haste; that had marked the
Septuagint�察�if the saying was true that they did it all in seventy´two days�察�
nor were they ;barred and hindered from going over it again�察─�as Jerome
himself said he had been�察 �since as soon as he wrote any part ;it was
snatched away from him and published;�察�nor were they ;working in a new
field�察─�as Origen was when he wrote his first commentary on the Bible。
Both these thingstheir taking advantage of earlier controversies which
had cleared many differences�察�and their deliberationwere supplemented
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by a third which gave great accuracy to the version。 That was their
adoption of the principle of all early translators�察�perhaps worded best by
Purvey�察 �who completed the Wiclif version�此 �The best translation is to
translate after the sentence�察 �and not only after the words�察 �so that the
sentence be as open in English as in Latin。; That makes for accuracy。 It is
quite impossible to put any language over�察 �word for word�察 �into another
without great inaccuracy。 But when the translators sought to take the
sentence of the Hebrew or the Greek and put it into an exactly equivalent
English sentence�察�they had larger play for their language and they had a
fairer field for accuracy。 These were the three great facts which made the
remarkable accuracy possible�察 �and it may be interesting to note three
corresponding results which show the effort they made to be absolutely
accurate and fair in their translation。
The first of those results is visible in the italicized words which they
used。 In the King James version words in italics are a frank
acknowledgment that the Greek or the Hebrew cannot be put into English
literally。 These are English words which are put in because it seems
impossible to express the meaning originally intended without certain
additions which the reader must take into account in his understanding of
the version。 We need not think far to see how necessary that was。 The
arrangement of words in Greek�察 �for example�察 �is different from that in
English。 The Greek of the first verse of the Gospel of John reads that ;God
was the Word�察─�but the English makes its sentences in a reversed form�察�and
it really means�察 �the Word was God。; So the Greek uses particles where
the English does not。 Often it would say ;the God; where we would say
simply ;God。; Those particles are ordinarily wisely omitted。 So the Greek
does not use verbs at some points where it is quite essential that the
English shall use them。 But it is only fair that in reading a version of the
Scripture we should know what words have been put in by translators in
their effort to make the version clear to us�察�and the italicized words of the
King James version are a frank effort to be accurate and yet fair。
The second result which shows their effort at accuracy is in the
marginal readings。 Most of these are optional readings�察�and are preceded
by the word ;or�察─�which indicates that one may read what is in the text�察�or
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substitute for it what is in the margin with equal fairness to the original。
But sometimes�察�instead of that familiar ;or�察─�occur letters which indicate
that the Hebrew or the Greek literally means something else than what is
given in the English text�察�and what it literally means is given in the margin。
The translators thereby say to the reader that if he can take that literal
meaning and put it into the text so that it is intelligible to him�察�here is his
chance。 As for them�察�they think that the whole context or meaning of the
sentence rather involves the use of the phrase which they put into the text。
But the marginal references are of great interest to most of us as showing
how these men were frank to say that there were some things they could
not settle。 They were rather blamed for it�察 �chiefly by those who had
committed themselves to the Douai version�察 �which has no marginal
readings�察�on the ground that the translation ought to be as authoritative as
the original。 The King James translators repudiate that theory and frankly
say that the reason they put these words in the margin was because they
were not sure what was the best reading。 In the margin of the epistle to the
Romans there are eighty´ four such marginal readings�察�and the proportion
will hold throughout most of the version。 They were only trying to be
accurate and to give every one a chance to make up his own mind where
there was fair reason to question their results。
The third thing which shows their effort at accuracy is their explicit
avoidance of uniformity in translating the same word。 They tried to put the
meaning into English terms。 So�察�as they say�察�the one word might become
either ;journeying; or ;traveling;�察 �one word might be ;thinking; or
;supposing�察─ �joy; or ;gladness�察─ �eternal; or ;everlasting。; One of the
reasons they give for this is quaint enough to quote。 They said they did not
think it right to honor some words by giving them a place forever in the
Bible�察�while they virtually said to other equally good words�此�Get ye hence
and be banished forever。 They quote a ;certaine great philosopher; who
said tha