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弌傍�� god the known and god the unknown 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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a sport is not the organic expression of discontent which has 

been long felt�察�but which has not been attended to�察�nor been met 

step by step by as much small remedial modification as was found 

practicable�此�so that when a change does come it comes by way of 

revolution。  Or�察�again ��only that it comes to much the same 

thing���察�a sport may be compared to one of those happy thoughts 

which sometimes come to us unbidden after we have been thinking 

for a long time what to do�察�or how to arrange our ideas�察�and have 

yet been unable to arrive at any conclusion。



So with politics�察�the smaller the matter the prompter�察�as a 

general rule�察�the settlement�察�on the other hand�察�the more 

sweeping the change that is felt to be necessary�察�the longer it 

will be deferred。



The advantages of dealing with the larger questions by more 

cataclysmic methods are obvious。  For�察�in the first place�察�all 

composite things must have a system�察�or arrangement of parts�察�so 

that some parts shall depend upon and be grouped round others�察�as 

in the articulation of a skeleton and the arrangement of muscles�察�

nerves�察�tendons�察�etc。�察�which are attached to it。  To meddle with 

the skeleton is like taking up the street�察�or the flooring of 

one's house�察�it so upsets our arrangements that we put it off 

till whatever else is found wanted�察�or whatever else seems likely 

to be wanted for a long time hence�察�can be done at the same time。  

Another advantage is in the rest which is given to the attention 

during the long hollows�察�so to speak�察�of the waves between the 

periods of resettlement。  Passion and prejudice have time to calm 

down�察�and when attention is next directed to the same question�察�

it is a refreshed and invigorated attention´an attention�察�

moreover�察�which may be given with the help of new lights derived 

from other quarters that were not luminous when the question was 

last considered。  Thirdly�察�it is more easy and safer to make such 

alterations as  experience has proved to be necessary than to 

forecast what is going to be wanted。  Reformers are like 

paymasters�察�of whom there are only two bad kinds�察�those who pay 

too soon�察�and those who do not pay at all。







                           CHAPTER II



                          COMMON GROUND



I HAVE now�察�perhaps�察�sufficiently proved my sympathy with the 

reluctance felt by many to tolerate discussion upon such a 

subject as the existence and nature of God。  I trust that I may 

have made the reader feel that he need fear no sarcasm or levity 

in my treatment of the subject which I have chosen。  I will�察�

therefore�察�proceed to sketch out a plan of what I hope to 

establish�察�and this in no doubtful or unnatural sense�察�but by 

attaching the same meanings to words as those which we usually 

attach to them�察�and with the same certainty�察�precision�察�and 

clearness as anything else is established which is commonly 

called known。



As to what God is�察�beyond the fact that he is the Spirit and the 

Life which creates�察�governs�察�and upholds all living things�察�I can 

say nothing。  I cannot pretend that I can show more than others 

have done in what Spirit and the Life consists�察�which governs 

living things and animates them。  I cannot show the connection 

between consciousness and the will�察�and the organ�察�much less can 

I tear away the veil from the face of God�察�so as to show wherein 

will and consciousness consist。  No philosopher�察�whether Christian 

or Rationalist�察�has attempted this without discomfiture�察�but I 

can�察�I hope�察�do two things�此�Firstly�察�I can demonstrate�察�perhaps 

more clearly than modern science is prepared to admit�察�that there 

does exist a single Being or Animator of all living things ´ a 

single Spirit�察�whom we cannot think of under any meaner name than 

God�察�and�察�secondly�察�I can show something more of the 

persona or bodily expression�察�mask�察�and mouthpiece of this 

vast Living Spirit than I know of as having been familiarly 

expressed elsewhere�察�or as being accessible to myself or others�察�

though doubtless many works exist in which what I am going to say 

has been already said。



Aware that much of this is widely accepted under the name of 

Pantheism�察�I venture to think it differs from Pantheism with all 

the difference that exists between a coherent�察�intelligible 

conception and an incoherent unintelligible one。  I shall 

therefore proceed to examine the doctrine called Pantheism�察�and 

to show how incomprehensible and valueless it is。



I will then indicate the Living and Personal God about whose 

existence and about many of whose attributes there is no room for 

question�察�I will show that man has been so far made in the 

likeness of this Person or God�察�that He possesses all its 

essential characteristics�察�and that it is this God who has called 

man and all other living forms�察�whether animals or plants�察�into 

existence�察�so that our bodies are the temples of His spirit�察�that 

it is this which sustains them in their life and growth�察�who is 

one with them�察�living�察�moving�察�and having His being in them�察�in 

whom�察�also�察�they live and move�察�they in Him and He in them�察�He 

being not a Trinity in Unity only�察�but an Infinity in Unity�察�and 

a Unity in an Infinity�察�eternal in time past�察�for so much time at 

least that our minds can come no nearer to eternity than this�察�

eternal for the future as long as the universe shall exist�察�ever 

changing�察�yet the same yesterday�察�and to´day�察�and for ever。  And I 

will show this with so little ambiguity that it shall be 

perceived not as a phantom or hallucination following upon a 

painful straining of the mind and a vain endeavour ��sic�А�to give 

coherency to incoherent and inconsistent ideas�察�but with the same 

ease�察�comfort�察�and palpable flesh´and´blood clearness with which 

we see those near to us �察�whom�察�though we see them at the best as 

through a glass darkly�察�we still see face to face�察�even as we are 

ourselves seen。



I will also show in what way this Being exercises a moral 

government over the world�察�and rewards and punishes us according 

to His own laws。



Having done this I shall proceed to compare this conception of 

God with those that are currently accepted�察�and will endeavour 

��sic�А�to show that the ideas now current are in truth efforts to 

grasp the one on which I shall here insist。  Finally�察�I shall 

persuade the reader that the differences between the so´called 

atheist and the so´called theist are differences rather about 

words than things�察�inasmuch as not even the most prosaic of 

modern scientists will be inclined to deny the existence of this 

God�察�while few theists will feel that this�察�the natural 

conception of God�察�is a less worthy one than that to which they 

have been accustomed。  





                           CHAPTER III



                           PANTHEISM。  I



THE Rev。  J。  H。  Blunt�察�in his ;Dictionary of Sects�察�Heresies�察�

etc。�察─�defines Pantheists as ;those who hold that God is 

everything�察�and everything is God。;



If it is granted that the value of words lies in the definiteness 

and coherency of the ideas that present themselves to us when the 

words are heard or spoken´then such a sentence as ;God is 

everything and everything is God; is worthless。



For we have so long associated the word ;God; with the idea of a 

Living Person�察�who can see�察�hear�察�will�察�feel pleasure�察�

displeasure�察�etc。�察�that we cannot think of God�察�and also of 

something which we have not been accustomed to think of as a 

Living Person�察�at one and the same time�察�so as to connect the two 

ideas and fuse them into a coherent thought。  While we are 

thinking of the one�察�our minds involuntarily exclude the other�察�

and vice versa�察�so that it is as impossible for us to 

think of anything as God�察�or as forming part of God�察�which we 

cannot also think of as a Person�察�or as a part of a Person�察�as it 

is to produce a hybrid between two widely distinct animals。  If I 

am not mistaken�察�the barrenness of inconsistent ideas�察�and the 

sterility of widely distant species or genera of plants and 

animals�察�are one in principle´sterility of hybrids being due to 

barrenness of ideas�察�and barrenness of ideas arising from 

inability to fuse unfamiliar thoughts into a coherent conception。  

I have insisted on this at some length in ;Life and Habit�察─�but 

can do so no further here。  ��Footnote�此�Butler returned to this 

subject in ;Luck�察�or cunning�拭─�which was originally published in 

1887。



In like manner we have so long associated the word ;Person; with 

the idea of a substantial visible body�察�limited in extent�察�and 

animated by an invisible something which we call Spirit�察�that we 

can think of nothing as a person which does not also bring these 

ideas before us。  Any attempt to make us imagine God as a Person 

who does not fulfil ��sic�А�the conditions which our ideas attach 

to the word ;person�察─�is ipso facto atheistic�察�as 

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