history of florence-及89准
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Dovadola�察�and plundered the surrounding country。 But having expelled
the enemies of Piero�察�renewed their league with Galeazzo�察�duke of
Milan�察�and Ferrando�察�king of Naples�察�they appointed to the command of
their forces Federigo�察�count of Urbino�察�and being thus on good terms
with their friends�察�their enemies occasioned them less anxiety。
Ferrando sent Alfonso�察�his eldest son�察�to their aid�察�and Galeazzo came
in person�察�each at the head of a suitable force�察�and all assembled at
Castrocaro�察�a fortress belonging to the Florentines�察�and situated
among the roots of the Appennines which descend from Tuscany to
Romagna。 In the meantime�察�the enemy withdrew toward Imola。 A few
slight skirmishes took place between the armies�察�yet�察�in accordance
with the custom of the times�察�neither of them acted on the offensive��
besieged any town�察�or gave the other an opportunity of coming to a
general engagement�察�but each kept within their tents�察�and conducted
themselves with most remarkable cowardice。 This occasioned general
dissatisfaction among the Florentines�察�for they found themselves
involved in an expensive war�察�from which no advantage could be
derived。 The magistrates complained of these spiritless proceedings to
those who had been appointed commissaries to the expedition�察�but they
replied�察�that the entire evil was chargeable upon the Duke Galeazzo��
who possessing great authority and little experience�察�was unable to
suggest useful measures�察�and unwilling to take the advice of those who
were more capable�察�and therefore any demonstration of courage or
energy would be impracticable so long as he remained with the army。
Hereupon the Florentines intimated to the duke�察�that his presence with
the force was in many ways advantageous and beneficial�察�and of itself
sufficient to alarm the enemy�察�but they considered his own safety and
that of his dominions�察�much more important than their own immediate
convenience�察�because so long as the former were safe�察�the Florentines
had nothing to fear�察�and all would go well�察�but if his dominions were
to suffer�察�they might then apprehend all kinds of misfortune。 They
assured him they did not think it prudent for him to be absent so long
from Milan�察�having recently succeeded to the government�察�and being
surrounded by many powerful enemies and suspected neighbors�察�while any
who were desirous of plotting against him�察�had an opportunity of doing
so with impunity。 They would�察�therefore�察�advise him to return to his
territories�察�leaving part of his troops with them for the use of the
expedition。 This advice pleased Galeazzo�察�who�察�in consequence��
immediately withdrew to Milan。 The Florentine generals being now left
without any hindrance�察�to show that the cause assigned for their
inaction was the true one�察�pressed the enemy more closely�察�so that
they came to a regular engagement�察�which continued half a day�察�without
either party yielding。 Some horses were wounded and prisoners taken��
but no death occurred。 Winter having arrived�察�and with it the usual
time for armies to retire into quarters�察�Bartolommeo Coglione withdrew
to Ravenna�察�the Florentine forces into Tuscany�察�and those of the king
and duke�察�each to the territories of their sovereign。 As this attempt
had not occasioned any tumult in Florence�察�contrary to the rebels'
expectation�察�and the troops they had hired were in want of pay�察�terms
of peace were proposed�察�and easily arranged。 The revolted Florentines��
thus deprived of hope�察�dispersed themselves in various places。
Diotisalvi Neroni withdrew to Ferrara�察�where he was received and
entertained by the Marquis Borso。 Niccolo Soderini went to Ravenna��
where�察�upon a small pension allowed by the Venetians�察�he grew old and
died。 He was considered a just and brave man�察�but over´cautious and
slow to determine�察�a circumstance which occasioned him�察�when
Gonfalonier of Justice�察�to lose the opportunity of victory which he
would have gladly recovered when too late。
Upon the restoration of peace�察�those who remained victorious in
Florence�察�as if unable to convince themselves they had conquered��
unless they oppressed not merely their enemies�察�but all whom they
suspected�察�prevailed upon Bardo Altoviti�察�then Gonfalonier of Justice��
to deprive many of the honors of government�察�and to banish several
more。 They exercised their power so inconsiderately�察�and conducted
themselves in such an arbitrary manner�察�that it seemed as if fortune
and the Almighty had given the city up to them for a prey。 Piero knew
little of these things�察�and was unable to remedy even the little he
knew�察�on account of his infirmities�察�his body being so contracted that
he could use no faculty but that of speech。 All he could do was to
admonish the leading men�察�and beg they would conduct themselves with
greater moderation�察�and not by their violence effect their country's
ruin。 In order to divert the city�察�he resolved to celebrate the
marriage of his son Lorenzo with Clarice degli Orsini with great
splendor�察�and it was accordingly solemnized with all the display
suitable to the exalted rank of the parties。 Feasts�察�dancing�察�and
antique representations occupied many days�察�at the conclusion of
which�察�to exhibit the grandeur of the house of Medici and of the
government�察�two military spectacles were presented�察�one performed by
men on horseback�察�who went through the evolutions of a field
engagement�察�and the other representing the storming of a town��
everything being conducted with admirable order and the greatest
imaginable brilliancy。
During these transactions in Florence�察�the rest of Italy�察�though at
peace�察�was filled with apprehension of the power of the Turks�察�who
continued to attack the Christians�察�and had taken Negropont�察�to the
great disgrace and injury of the Christian name。 About this time died
Borso�察�marquis of Ferrara�察�who was succeeded by his brother Ercole。
Gismondo da Rimini�察�the inveterate enemy of the church also expired��
and his natural brother Roberto�察�who was afterward one of the best
generals of Italy�察�succeeded him。 Pope Paul died�察�and was succeeded by
Sixtus IV。 previously called Francesco da Savona�察�a man of the very
lowest origin�察�who by his talents had become general of the order of
St。 Francis�察�and afterward cardinal。 He was the first who began to
show how far a pope might go�察�and how much that which was previously
regarded as sinful lost its iniquity when committed by a pontiff。
Among others of his family were Piero and Girolamo�察�who�察�according to
universal belief�察�were his sons�察�though he designated them by terms
reflecting less scandal on his character。 Piero being a priest�察�was
advanced to the dignity of a cardinal�察�with the title of St。 Sixtus。
To Girolamo he gave the city of Furli�察�taken from Antonio Ordelaffi��
whose ancestors had held that territory for many generations。 This
ambitious method of procedure made him more regarded by the princes of
Italy�察�and all sought to obtain his friendship。 The duke of Milan gave
his natural daughter Caterina to Girolamo�察�with the city of Imola��
which he had taken from Taddeo degli Alidossi�察�as her portion。 New
matrimonial alliances were formed between the duke and king Ferrando��
Elisabetta�察�daughter of Alfonso�察�the king's eldest son�察�being united
to Giovan Galeazzo�察�the eldest son of the duke。
Italy being at peace�察�the principal employment of her princes was to
watch each other�察�and strengthen their own influence by new alliances��
leagues�察�or friendships。 But in the midst of this repose�察�Florence
endured great oppression from her principal citizens�察�and the
infirmities of Piero incapacitated him from restraining their
ambition。 However�察�to relieve his conscience�察�and�察�if possible�察�to
make them ashamed of their conduct�察�he sent for them to his house�察�and
addressed them in the following words�此 �I never thought a time would
come when the behavior of my friends would compel me to esteem and
desire the society of my enemies�察�and wish that I had been defeated
rather than victorious�察�for I believed myself to be associated with
those who would set some bounds to their avarice�察�and who�察�after
having avenged themselves on their enemies�察�and lived in their country
with security and honor�察�would be satisfied。 But now I find myself
greatly deceived�察�unacquainted with the ambition of mankind�察�and least
of all with yours�察�for�察�not satisfied with being masters of so great a
city�察�and possessing among yourselves those honors�察�dignities�察�and
emoluments which used to be divided among many citizens�察�not contented
with having shared among a few the property of your enemies�察�or with
being able to oppress all others with public burdens�察�while you
yourselves are exempt from them�察�and enjoy all the public offices of
profit you must still further load everyone with ill usage。 You
plunder your neighbors of their wealth�察�you sell justice�察�you evade
the law�察�you oppress the timid and exalt the insolent。 Nor is there��
throughout all Italy�察�so many and such