letters to his son, 1752-第11节
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mpatient till their boobies come home to be married； and； as they call it； settled。 Of those who really love their sons； few know how to do it。 Some spoil them by fondling them while they are young； and then quarrel with them when they are grown up； for having been spoiled； some love them like mothers； and attend only to the bodily health and strength of the hopes of their family； solemnize his birthday； and rejoice； like the subjects of the Great Mogul； at the increase of his bulk； while others； minding； as they think； only essentials； take pains and pleasure to see in their heir； all their favorite weaknesses and imperfections。 I hope and believe that I have kept clear of all of these errors in the education which I have given you。 No weaknesses of my own have warped it； no parsimony has starved it； no rigor has deformed it。 Sound and extensive learning was the foundation which I meant to layI have laid it； but that alone； I knew； would by no means be sufficient： the ornamental； the showish； the pleasing superstructure was to be begun。 In that view； I threw you into the great world； entirely your own master； at an age when others either guzzle at the university； or are sent abroad in servitude to some awkward； pedantic Scotch governor。 This was to put you in the way； and the only way of acquiring those manners； that address； and those graces； which exclusively distinguish people of fashion； and without which all moral virtues； and all acquired learning； are of no sort of use in the courts and 'le beau monde'： on the contrary； I am not sure if they are not an hindrance。 They are feared and disliked in those places； as too severe； if not smoothed and introduced by the graces； but of these graces； of this necessary 'beau vernis'； it seems there are still 'quelque couches qui manquent'。 Now； pray let me ask you； coolly and seriously； 'pourquoi ces couches manquent…elles'？ For you may as easily take them； as you may wear more or less powder in your hair； more or less lace upon your coat。 I can therefore account for your wanting them no other way in the world； than from your not being yet convinced of their full value。 You have heard some English bucks say； 〃Damn these finical outlandish airs； give me a manly； resolute manner。 They make a rout with their graces； and talk like a parcel of dancing…masters； and dress like a parcel of fops： one good Englishman will beat three of them。〃 But let your own observation undeceive you of these prejudices。 I will give you one instance only； instead of an hundred that I could give you； of a very shining fortune and figure； raised upon no other foundation whatsoever； than that of address； manners； and graces。 Between you and me （for this example must go no further）； what do you think made our friend； Lord A e； Colonel of a regiment of guards； Governor of Virginia； Groom of the Stole； and Ambassador to Paris； amounting in all to sixteen or seventeen thousand pounds a year？ Was it his birth？ No； a Dutch gentleman only。 Was it his estate？ No； he had none。 Was it his learning； his parts； his political abilities and application？ You can answer these questions as easily； and as soon； as I can ask them。 What was it then？ Many people wondered； but I do not； for I know； and will tell you。 It was his air； his address； his manners； and his graces。 He pleased； and by pleasing he became a favorite； and by becoming a favorite became all that he has been since。 Show me any one instance； where intrinsic worth and merit； unassisted by exterior accomplishments； have raised any man so high。 You know the Due de Richelieu； now 'Marechal； Cordon bleu； Gentilhomme de la Chambre'； twice Ambassador； etc。 By what means？ Not by the purity of his character； the depth of his knowledge； or any uncommon penetration and sagacity。 Women alone formed and raised him。 The Duchess of Burgundy took a fancy to him； and had him before he was sixteen years old； this put him in fashion among the beau monde： and the late Regent's oldest daughter； now Madame de Modene； took him next； and was near marrying him。 These early connections with women of the first distinction gave him those manners； graces； and address； which you see he has； and which； I can assure you； are all that he has； for； strip him of them； and he will be one of the poorest men in Europe。 Man or woman cannot resist an engaging exterior； it will please； it will make its way。 You want； it seems； but 'quelques couches'； for God's sake； lose no time in getting them； and now you have gone so far； complete the work。 Think of nothing else till that work is finished； unwearied application will bring about anything： and surely your application can never be so well employed as upon that object； which is absolutely necessary to facilitate all others。 With your knowledge and parts； if adorned by manners and graces； what may you not hope one day to be？ But without them； you will be in the situation of a man who should be very fleet of one leg but very lame of the other。 He could not run； the lame leg would check and clog the well one； which would be very near useless。
From my original plan for your education； I meant to make you 'un homme universel'； what depends on me is executed； the little that remains undone depends singly upon you。 Do not then disappoint； when you can so easily gratify me。 It is your own interest which I am pressing you to pursue； and it is the only return that I desire for all the care and affection of； Yours。
LETTER CLXVIII
LONDON； May 31； O。 S。 1752
MY DEAR FRIEND： The world is the book； and the only one to which； at present； I would have you apply yourself ； and the thorough knowledge of it will be of more use to you； than all the books that ever were read。 Lay aside the best book whenever you can go into the best company； and depend upon it； you change for the better。 However； as the most tumultuous life； whether of business or pleasure； leaves some vacant moments every day； in which a book is the refuge of a rational being； I mean now to point out to you the method of employing those moments （which will and ought to be but few） in the most advantageous manner。 Throw away none of your time upon those trivial； futile books； published by idle or necessitous authors； for the amusement of idle and ignorant readers； such sort of books swarm and buzz about one every day； flap them away； they have no sting。 'Certum pete finem'； have some one object for those leisure moments； and pursue that object invariably till you have attained it； and then take some other。 For instance； considering your destination； I would advise you to single out the most remarkable and interesting eras of modern history； and confine all your reading to that ERA。 If you pitch upon the Treaty of Munster （and that is the proper period to begin with； in the course which I am now recommending）； do not interrupt it by dipping and deviating into other books； unrelative to it； but consult only the most authentic histories； letters； memoirs； and negotiations； relative to that great transaction； reading and comparing them； with all that caution and distrust which Lord Bolingbroke recommends to you； in a better manner； and in better words than I can。 The next period worth your particular knowledge； is the Treaty of the Pyrenees： which was calculated to lay； and in effect did lay； the succession of the House of Bourbon to the crown of Spain。 Pursue that in the same manner； singling； out of the millions of volumes written upon that occasion； the two or three most authentic ones； and particularly letters； which are the best authorities in matters of negotiation。 Next come the Treaties of Nimeguen and Ryswick； postscripts in； a manner to those of Munster and the Pyrenees。 Those two transactions have had great light thrown upon them by the publication of many authentic and original letters and pieces。 The concessions made at the Treaty of Ryswick； by the then triumphant Lewis the Fourteenth； astonished all those who viewed things only superficially； but； I should think； must have been easily accounted for by those who knew the state of the kingdom of Spain； as well as of the health of its King； Charles the Second； at that time。 The interval between the conclusion of the peace of Ryswick； and the breaking out of the great war in 1702； though a short； is a most interesting one。 Every week of it almost produced some great event。 Two partition treaties； the death of the King of Spain； his unexpected will； and the acceptance of it by Lewis the Fourteenth； in violation of the second treaty of partition； just signed and ratified by him。 Philip the Fifth quietly and cheerfully received in Spain； and acknowledged as King of it； by most of those powers； who afterward joined in an alliance to dethrone him。 I cannot help making this observation upon that occasion： That character has often more to do in great transactions； than prudence and sound policy； for Lewis the Fourteenth gratified his personal pride； by giving a Bourbon King to Spain； at the expense of the true interest of France； which would have acquired much more solid and permanent strength by the addition of Naples； Sicily； and Lorraine； upon the footing of the second partition treaty； and I think
