phaedo-第17节

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wave　casts　them　forth…mere　homicides　by　way　of　Cocytus；　parricides　and



matricides　by　Pyriphlegethon…and　they　are　borne　to　the　Acherusian



Lake；　and　there　they　lift　up　their　voices　and　call　upon　the　victims



whom　they　have　slain　or　wronged；　to　have　pity　on　them；　and　to



receive　them；　and　to　let　them　come　out　of　the　river　into　the　lake。　And



if　they　prevail；　then　they　come　forth　and　cease　from　their　troubles；



but　if　not；　they　are　carried　back　again　into　Tartarus　and　from



thence　into　the　rivers　unceasingly；　until　they　obtain　mercy　from　those



whom　they　have　wronged：　for　that　is　the　sentence　inflicted　upon　them



by　their　judges。　Those　also　who　are　remarkable　for　having　led　holy



lives　are　released　from　this　earthly　prison；　and　go　to　their　pure　home



which　is　above；　and　dwell　in　the　purer　earth；　and　those　who　have



duly　purified　themselves　with　philosophy　live　henceforth　altogether



without　the　body；　in　mansions　fairer　far　than　these；　which　may　not



be　described；　and　of　which　the　time　would　fail　me　to　tell。



　　Wherefore；　Simmias；　seeing　all　these　things；　what　ought　not　we　to　do



in　order　to　obtain　virtue　and　wisdom　in　this　life？　Fair　is　the



prize；　and　the　hope　great。



　　I　do　not　mean　to　affirm　that　the　description　which　I　have　given　of



the　soul　and　her　mansions　is　exactly　true…a　man　of　sense　ought



hardly　to　say　that。　But　I　do　say　that；　inasmuch　as　the　soul　is　shown



to　be　immortal；　he　may　venture　to　think；　not　improperly　or　unworthily；



that　something　of　the　kind　is　true。　The　venture　is　a　glorious　one；　and



he　ought　to　comfort　himself　with　words　like　these；　which　is　the　reason



why　lengthen　out　the　tale。　Wherefore；　I　say；　let　a　man　be　of　good



cheer　about　his　soul；　who　has　cast　away　the　pleasures　and　ornaments　of



the　body　as　alien　to　him；　and　rather　hurtful　in　their　effects；　and　has



followed　after　the　pleasures　of　knowledge　in　this　life；　who　has



adorned　the　soul　in　her　own　proper　jewels；　which　are　temperance；　and



justice；　and　courage；　and　nobility；　and　truth…in　these　arrayed　she



is　ready　to　go　on　her　journey　to　the　world　below；　when　her　time　comes。



You；　Simmias　and　Cebes；　and　all　other　men；　will　depart　at　some　time　or



other。　Me　already；　as　the　tragic　poet　would　say；　the　voice　of　fate



calls。　Soon　I　must　drink　the　poison；　and　I　think　that　I　had　better



repair　to　the　bath　first；　in　order　that　the　women　may　not　have　the



trouble　of　washing　my　body　after　I　am　dead。



　　When　he　had　done　speaking；　Crito　said：　And　have　you　any　commands　for



us；　Socrates…anything　to　say　about　your　children；　or　any　other



matter　in　which　we　can　serve　you？



　　Nothing　particular；　he　said：　only；　as　I　have　always　told　you；　I



would　have　you　look　to　yourselves；　that　is　a　service　which　you　may



always　be　doing　to　me　and　mine　as　well　as　to　yourselves。　And　you



need　not　make　professions；　for　if　you　take　no　thought　for



yourselves；　and　walk　not　according　to　the　precepts　which　I　have



given　you；　not　now　for　the　first　time；　the　warmth　of　your



professions　will　be　of　no　avail。



　　We　will　do　our　best；　said　Crito。　But　in　what　way　would　you　have　us



bury　you？



　　In　any　way　that　you　like；　only　you　must　get　hold　of　me；　and　take



care　that　I　do　not　walk　away　from　you。　Then　he　turned　to　us；　and　added



with　a　smile：　I　cannot　make　Crito　believe　that　I　am　the　same



Socrates　who　have　been　talking　and　conducting　the　argument；　he　fancies



that　I　am　the　other　Socrates　whom　he　will　soon　see；　a　dead　body…and　he



asks；　How　shall　he　bury　me？　And　though　I　have　spoken　many　words　in　the



endeavor　to　show　that　when　I　have　drunk　the　poison　I　shall　leave　you



and　go　to　the　joys　of　the　blessed…these　words　of　mine；　with　which　I



comforted　you　and　myself；　have　had；　I　perceive；　no　effect　upon



Crito。　And　therefore　I　want　you　to　be　surety　for　me　now；　as　he　was



surety　for　me　at　the　trial：　but　let　the　promise　be　of　another　sort；



for　he　was　my　surety　to　the　judges　that　I　would　remain；　but　you　must



be　my　surety　to　him　that　I　shall　not　remain；　but　go　away　and　depart；



and　then　he　will　suffer　less　at　my　death；　and　not　be　grieved　when　he



sees　my　body　being　burned　or　buried。　I　would　not　have　him　sorrow　at　my



hard　lot；　or　say　at　the　burial；　Thus　we　lay　out　Socrates；　or；　Thus



we　follow　him　to　the　grave　or　bury　him；　for　false　words　are　not　only



evil　in　themselves；　but　they　infect　the　soul　with　evil。　Be　of　good



cheer；　then；　my　dear　Crito；　and　say　that　you　are　burying　my　body　only；



and　do　with　that　as　is　usual；　and　as　you　think　best。



　　When　he　had　spoken　these　words；　he　arose　and　went　into　the　bath



chamber　with　Crito；　who　bade　us　wait；　and　we　waited；　talking　and



thinking　of　the　subject　of　discourse；　and　also　of　the　greatness　of　our



sorrow；　he　was　like　a　father　of　whom　we　were　being　bereaved；　and　we



were　about　to　pass　the　rest　of　our　lives　as　orphans。　When　he　had　taken



the　bath　his　children　were　brought　to　him…（he　had　two　young　sons　and



an　elder　one）；　and　the　women　of　his　family　also　came；　and　he　talked　to



them　and　gave　them　a　few　directions　in　the　presence　of　Crito；　and　he



then　dismissed　them　and　returned　to　us。



　　Now　the　hour　of　sunset　was　near；　for　a　good　deal　of　time　had



passed　while　he　was　within。　When　he　came　out；　he　sat　down　with　us



again　after　his　bath；　but　not　much　was　said。　Soon　the　jailer；　who



was　the　servant　of　the　Eleven；　entered　and　stood　by　him；　saying：　To



you；　Socrates；　whom　I　know　to　be　the　noblest　and　gentlest　and　best



of　all　who　ever　came　to　this　place；　I　will　not　impute　the　angry



feelings　of　other　men；　who　rage　and　swear　at　me　when；　in　obedience



to　the　authorities；　I　bid　them　drink　the　poison…indeed；　I　am　sure　that



you　will　not　be　angry　with　me；　for　others；　as　you　are　aware；　and　not



I；　are　the　guilty　cause。　And　so　fare　you　well；　and　try　to　bear　lightly



what　must　needs　be；　you　know　my　errand。　Then　bursting　into　tears　he



turned　away　and　went　out。



　　Socrates　looked　at　him　and　said：　I　return　your　good　wishes；　and　will



do　as　you　bid。　Then；　turning　to　us；　he　said；　How　charming　the　man



is：　since　I　have　been　in　prison　he　has　always　been　coming　to　see　me；



and　at　times　he　would　talk　to　me；　and　was　as　good　as　could　be　to　me；



and　now　see　how　generously　he　sorrows　for　me。　But　we　must　do　as　he



says；　Crito；　let　the　cup　be　brought；　if　the　poison　is　prepared：　if



not；　let　the　attendant　prepare　some。



　　Yet；　said　Crito；　the　sun　is　still　upon　the　hilltops；　and　many　a



one　has　taken　the　draught　late；　and　after　the　announcement　has　been



made　to　him；　he　has　eaten　and　drunk；　and　indulged　in　sensual　delights；



do　not　hasten　then；　there　is　still　time。



　　Socrates　said：　Yes；　Crito；　and　they　of　whom　you　speak　are　right　in



doing　thus；　for　they　think　that　they　will　gain　by　the　delay；　but　I



am　right　in　not　doing　thus；　for　I　do　not　think　that　I　should　gain



anything　by　drinking　the　poison　a　little　later；　I　should　be　sparing



and　saving　a　life　which　is　already　gone：　I　could　only　laugh　at



myself　for　this。　Please　then　to　do　as　I　say；　and　not　to　refuse　me。



　　Crito；　when　he　heard　this；　made　a　sign　to　the　servant；　and　the



servant　went　in；　and　remained　for　some　time；　and　then　returned　with



the　jailer　carrying　a　cup　of　poison。　Socrates　said：　You；　my　good



friend；　who　are　experienced　in　these　matters；　shall　give　me　directions



how　I　am　to　proceed。　The　man　answered：　You　have　only　to　walk　about



until　your　legs　are　heavy；　and　then　to　lie　down；　and　the　poison　will



act。　At　the　same　time　he　handed　the　cup　to　Socrates；　who　in　the



easiest　and　gentlest　manner；　without　the　least　fear　or　change　of　color



or　feature；　looking　at　the　man　with　all　his　eyes；　Echecrates；　as　his



manner　was；　took　the　cup　and　said：　What　do　you　say　about　making　a



libation　out　of　this　cup　to　any　god？　May　I；　or　not？　The　man



answered：　We　only　prepare；　Socrates；　just　so　much　as　we　deem　enough。　I



understand；　he　said：　yet　I　may　and　must　pray　to　the　gods　to　prosper　my



journey　from　this　to　that　other　world…may　this；　then；　which　is　my



prayer；　be　granted　to　me。　Then　holding　the　cup　to　his　lips；　quite



readily　and　cheerfully　he　drank　off　the　poison。　And　hitherto　most　of



us　had　been　able　to　control　our　sorrow；　but　now　when　we　saw　him



drinking；　and　saw　too　that　he　had　finished　the　draught；　we　could　no



longer　forbear；　and　in　spite　of　myself　my　own　tears　were　flowing　fast；



so　that　I　covered　my　face　and　wept　over　myself；　for　certainly　I　was



not　weeping　over　him；　but　at　the　thought　of　my　own　calamity　in



having　lost　such　a　companion。　Nor　was　I　the　first；　for　Crito；　when



he　found　himself　unable　to　restrain　his　tears；　had　got　up　and　moved



away；　and　I　followed；　and　at　that　moment。　Apollodorus；　who　had　been



weeping　all　the　time；　broke　out　in　a　loud　cry　which　made　cowards　of　us



all。　Socrates　alone　retained　his　calmness：　What　is　this　strange



outcry？　he　said。　I　sent　away　the　women　mainly　in　order　that　they　mig