Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > the formation of vegetable mould >

µÚ19½Ú

the formation of vegetable mould-µÚ19½Ú

С˵£º the formation of vegetable mould ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



before¡¡this¡¡could¡¡have¡¡occurred£»¡¡some¡¡earth¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡washed¡¡
down¡¡by¡¡heavy¡¡rain¡¡from¡¡the¡¡castings¡¡on¡¡the¡¡raised¡¡border¡¡of¡¡turf¡¡
over¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡stone¡£

The¡¡second¡¡stone¡¡was¡¡larger¡¡that¡¡the¡¡one¡¡just¡¡described£»¡¡viz¡££»¡¡67¡¡
inches¡¡in¡¡length£»¡¡39¡¡in¡¡breadth£»¡¡and¡¡15¡¡in¡¡thickness¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡lower¡¡
surface¡¡was¡¡nearly¡¡flat£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡worms¡¡must¡¡soon¡¡have¡¡been¡¡
compelled¡¡to¡¡eject¡¡their¡¡castings¡¡beyond¡¡its¡¡circumference¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡
stone¡¡as¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡had¡¡sunk¡¡about¡¡2¡¡inches¡¡into¡¡the¡¡ground¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡this¡¡
rate¡¡it¡¡would¡¡have¡¡required¡¡262¡¡years¡¡for¡¡its¡¡upper¡¡surface¡¡to¡¡have¡¡
sunk¡¡to¡¡the¡¡general¡¡level¡¡of¡¡the¡¡field¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡upwardly¡¡sloping£»¡¡
turf¡­covered¡¡border¡¡round¡¡the¡¡stone¡¡was¡¡broader¡¡than¡¡in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡
case£»¡¡viz¡££»¡¡from¡¡14¡¡to¡¡16¡¡inches£»¡¡and¡¡why¡¡this¡¡should¡¡be¡¡so£»¡¡I¡¡
could¡¡see¡¡no¡¡reason¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡most¡¡parts¡¡this¡¡border¡¡was¡¡not¡¡so¡¡high¡¡as¡¡
in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡case£»¡¡viz¡££»¡¡from¡¡2¡¡to¡¡2¡£5¡¡inches£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡one¡¡place¡¡it¡¡
was¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡5¡£5¡£¡¡¡¡Its¡¡average¡¡height¡¡close¡¡to¡¡the¡¡stone¡¡was¡¡
probably¡¡about¡¡3¡¡inches£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡thinned¡¡out¡¡to¡¡nothing¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡so£»¡¡a¡¡
layer¡¡of¡¡fine¡¡earth£»¡¡15¡¡inches¡¡in¡¡breadth¡¡and¡¡1¡£5¡¡inch¡¡in¡¡average¡¡
thickness£»¡¡of¡¡sufficient¡¡length¡¡to¡¡surround¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡of¡¡the¡¡much¡¡
elongated¡¡slab£»¡¡must¡¡have¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡by¡¡the¡¡worms¡¡in¡¡chief¡¡
part¡¡from¡¡beneath¡¡the¡¡stone¡¡in¡¡the¡¡course¡¡of¡¡35¡¡years¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡amount¡¡
would¡¡be¡¡amply¡¡sufficient¡¡to¡¡account¡¡for¡¡its¡¡having¡¡sunk¡¡about¡¡2¡¡
inches¡¡into¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡more¡¡especially¡¡if¡¡we¡¡bear¡¡in¡¡mind¡¡that¡¡a¡¡
good¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡finest¡¡earth¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡washed¡¡by¡¡heavy¡¡rain¡¡
from¡¡the¡¡castings¡¡ejected¡¡on¡¡the¡¡sloping¡¡border¡¡down¡¡to¡¡the¡¡level¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡field¡£¡¡¡¡Some¡¡fresh¡¡castings¡¡were¡¡seen¡¡close¡¡to¡¡the¡¡stone¡£¡¡¡¡
Nevertheless£»¡¡on¡¡digging¡¡a¡¡large¡¡hole¡¡to¡¡a¡¡depth¡¡of¡¡18¡¡inches¡¡where¡¡
the¡¡stone¡¡had¡¡lain£»¡¡only¡¡two¡¡worms¡¡and¡¡a¡¡few¡¡burrows¡¡were¡¡seen£»¡¡
although¡¡the¡¡soil¡¡was¡¡damp¡¡and¡¡seemed¡¡favourable¡¡for¡¡worms¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡
were¡¡some¡¡large¡¡colonies¡¡of¡¡ants¡¡beneath¡¡the¡¡stone£»¡¡and¡¡possibly¡¡
since¡¡their¡¡establishment¡¡the¡¡worms¡¡had¡¡decreased¡¡in¡¡number¡£

The¡¡third¡¡stone¡¡was¡¡only¡¡about¡¡half¡¡as¡¡large¡¡as¡¡the¡¡others£»¡¡and¡¡two¡¡
strong¡¡boys¡¡could¡¡together¡¡have¡¡rolled¡¡it¡¡over¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡
that¡¡it¡¡had¡¡been¡¡rolled¡¡over¡¡at¡¡a¡¡moderately¡¡recent¡¡time£»¡¡for¡¡it¡¡
now¡¡lay¡¡at¡¡some¡¡distance¡¡from¡¡the¡¡two¡¡other¡¡stones¡¡at¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡
a¡¡little¡¡adjoining¡¡slope¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡rested¡¡also¡¡on¡¡fine¡¡earth£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡
partly¡¡on¡¡brick¡­rubbish¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡agreement¡¡with¡¡this¡¡conclusion£»¡¡the¡¡
raised¡¡surrounding¡¡border¡¡of¡¡turf¡¡was¡¡only¡¡1¡¡inch¡¡high¡¡in¡¡some¡¡
parts£»¡¡and¡¡2¡¡inches¡¡in¡¡other¡¡parts¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡were¡¡no¡¡colonies¡¡of¡¡ants¡¡
beneath¡¡this¡¡stone£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡digging¡¡a¡¡hole¡¡where¡¡it¡¡had¡¡lain£»¡¡
several¡¡burrows¡¡and¡¡worms¡¡were¡¡found¡£

At¡¡Stonehenge£»¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡outer¡¡Druidical¡¡stones¡¡are¡¡now¡¡
prostrate£»¡¡having¡¡fallen¡¡at¡¡a¡¡remote¡¡but¡¡unknown¡¡period£»¡¡and¡¡these¡¡
have¡¡become¡¡buried¡¡to¡¡a¡¡moderate¡¡depth¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ground¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡
surrounded¡¡by¡¡sloping¡¡borders¡¡of¡¡turf£»¡¡on¡¡which¡¡recent¡¡castings¡¡
were¡¡seen¡£¡¡¡¡Close¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡fallen¡¡stones£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡17¡¡ft¡¡
long£»¡¡6¡¡ft¡£¡¡broad£»¡¡and¡¡28¡£5¡¡inches¡¡thick£»¡¡a¡¡hole¡¡was¡¡dug£»¡¡and¡¡here¡¡
the¡¡vegetable¡¡mould¡¡was¡¡at¡¡least¡¡9¡£5¡¡inches¡¡in¡¡thickness¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡this¡¡
depth¡¡a¡¡flint¡¡was¡¡found£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡little¡¡higher¡¡up¡¡on¡¡one¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
hole¡¡a¡¡fragment¡¡of¡¡glass¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡base¡¡of¡¡the¡¡stone¡¡lay¡¡about¡¡9¡£5¡¡
inches¡¡beneath¡¡the¡¡level¡¡of¡¡the¡¡surrounding¡¡ground£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡upper¡¡
surface¡¡19¡¡inches¡¡above¡¡the¡¡ground¡£

A¡¡hole¡¡was¡¡also¡¡dug¡¡close¡¡to¡¡a¡¡second¡¡huge¡¡stone£»¡¡which¡¡in¡¡falling¡¡
had¡¡broken¡¡into¡¡two¡¡pieces£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡must¡¡have¡¡happened¡¡long¡¡ago£»¡¡
judging¡¡from¡¡the¡¡weathered¡¡aspect¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fractured¡¡ends¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡base¡¡
was¡¡buried¡¡to¡¡a¡¡depth¡¡of¡¡10¡¡inches£»¡¡as¡¡was¡¡ascertained¡¡by¡¡driving¡¡
an¡¡iron¡¡skewer¡¡horizontally¡¡into¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡beneath¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡
vegetable¡¡mould¡¡forming¡¡the¡¡turf¡­covered¡¡sloping¡¡border¡¡round¡¡the¡¡
stone£»¡¡on¡¡which¡¡many¡¡castings¡¡had¡¡recently¡¡been¡¡ejected£»¡¡was¡¡10¡¡
inches¡¡in¡¡thickness£»¡¡and¡¡most¡¡of¡¡this¡¡mould¡¡must¡¡have¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡
up¡¡by¡¡worms¡¡from¡¡beneath¡¡its¡¡base¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡a¡¡distance¡¡of¡¡8¡¡yards¡¡from¡¡
the¡¡stone£»¡¡the¡¡mould¡¡was¡¡only¡¡5¡£5¡¡inches¡¡in¡¡thickness¡¡£¨with¡¡a¡¡piece¡¡
of¡¡tobacco¡¡pipe¡¡at¡¡a¡¡depth¡¡of¡¡4¡¡inches£©£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡rested¡¡on¡¡broken¡¡
flint¡¡and¡¡chalk¡¡which¡¡could¡¡not¡¡have¡¡easily¡¡yielded¡¡to¡¡the¡¡pressure¡¡
or¡¡weight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡stone¡£

A¡¡straight¡¡rod¡¡was¡¡fixed¡¡horizontally¡¡£¨by¡¡the¡¡aid¡¡of¡¡a¡¡spirit¡­
level£©¡¡across¡¡a¡¡third¡¡fallen¡¡stone£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡7¡¡feet¡¡9¡¡inches¡¡long£»¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡contour¡¡of¡¡the¡¡projecting¡¡parts¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡adjoining¡¡
ground£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡not¡¡quite¡¡level£»¡¡was¡¡thus¡¡ascertained£»¡¡as¡¡shown¡¡
in¡¡the¡¡accompanying¡¡diagram¡¡£¨Fig¡£¡¡7£©¡¡on¡¡a¡¡scale¡¡of¡¡0¡£5¡¡inch¡¡to¡¡a¡¡
foot¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡turf¡­covered¡¡border¡¡sloped¡¡up¡¡to¡¡the¡¡stone¡¡on¡¡one¡¡side¡¡
to¡¡a¡¡height¡¡of¡¡4¡¡inches£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡the¡¡opposite¡¡side¡¡to¡¡only¡¡2¡£5¡¡
inches¡¡above¡¡the¡¡general¡¡level¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡hole¡¡was¡¡dug¡¡on¡¡the¡¡eastern¡¡
side£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡base¡¡of¡¡the¡¡stone¡¡was¡¡here¡¡found¡¡to¡¡lie¡¡at¡¡a¡¡depth¡¡of¡¡
4¡¡inches¡¡beneath¡¡the¡¡general¡¡level¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡8¡¡inches¡¡
beneath¡¡the¡¡top¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sloping¡¡turf¡­covered¡¡border¡£


Sufficient¡¡evidence¡¡has¡¡now¡¡been¡¡given¡¡showing¡¡that¡¡small¡¡objects¡¡
left¡¡on¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡land¡¡where¡¡worms¡¡abound¡¡soon¡¡get¡¡buried£»¡¡
and¡¡that¡¡large¡¡stones¡¡sink¡¡slowly¡¡downwards¡¡through¡¡the¡¡same¡¡means¡£¡¡¡¡
Every¡¡step¡¡of¡¡the¡¡process¡¡could¡¡be¡¡followed£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡accidental¡¡
deposition¡¡of¡¡a¡¡single¡¡casting¡¡on¡¡a¡¡small¡¡object¡¡lying¡¡loose¡¡on¡¡the¡¡
surface£»¡¡to¡¡its¡¡being¡¡entangled¡¡amidst¡¡the¡¡matted¡¡roots¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
turf£»¡¡and¡¡lastly¡¡to¡¡its¡¡being¡¡embedded¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mould¡¡at¡¡various¡¡
depths¡¡beneath¡¡the¡¡surface¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡the¡¡same¡¡field¡¡was¡¡re¡­examined¡¡
after¡¡the¡¡interval¡¡of¡¡a¡¡few¡¡years£»¡¡such¡¡objects¡¡were¡¡found¡¡at¡¡a¡¡
greater¡¡depth¡¡than¡¡before¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡straightness¡¡and¡¡regularity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
lines¡¡formed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡imbedded¡¡objects£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡parallelism¡¡with¡¡
the¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡land£»¡¡are¡¡the¡¡most¡¡striking¡¡features¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
case£»¡¡for¡¡this¡¡parallelism¡¡shows¡¡how¡¡equably¡¡the¡¡worms¡¡must¡¡have¡¡
worked£»¡¡the¡¡result¡¡being£»¡¡however£»¡¡partly¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡of¡¡the¡¡washing¡¡
down¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fresh¡¡castings¡¡by¡¡rain¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡specific¡¡gravity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
objects¡¡does¡¡not¡¡affect¡¡their¡¡rate¡¡of¡¡sinking£»¡¡as¡¡could¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡by¡¡
porous¡¡cinders£»¡¡burnt¡¡marl£»¡¡chalk¡¡and¡¡quartz¡¡pebbles£»¡¡having¡¡all¡¡
sunk¡¡to¡¡the¡¡same¡¡depth¡¡within¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡Considering¡¡the¡¡
nature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡substratum£»¡¡which¡¡at¡¡Leith¡¡Hill¡¡Place¡¡was¡¡sandy¡¡soil¡¡
including¡¡many¡¡bits¡¡of¡¡rock£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡Stonehenge£»¡¡chalk¡­rubble¡¡with¡¡
broken¡¡flints£»¡¡considering£»¡¡also£»¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡turf¡­covered¡¡
sloping¡¡border¡¡of¡¡mould¡¡round¡¡the¡¡great¡¡fragments¡¡of¡¡stone¡¡at¡¡both¡¡
these¡¡places£»¡¡their¡¡sinking¡¡does¡¡not¡¡appear¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡sensibly¡¡
aided¡¡by¡¡their¡¡weight£»¡¡though¡¡this¡¡was¡¡considerable¡£¡¡£û50£ý

On¡¡the¡¡number¡¡of¡¡worms¡¡which¡¡live¡¡within¡¡a¡¡given¡¡space¡£We¡¡will¡¡
now¡¡show£»¡¡firstly£»¡¡what¡¡a¡¡vast¡¡number¡¡of¡¡worms¡¡live¡¡unseen¡¡by¡¡us¡¡
beneath¡¡our¡¡feet£»¡¡and£»¡¡secondly£»¡¡the¡¡actual¡¡weight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡
which¡¡they¡¡bring¡¡up¡¡to¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡within¡¡a¡¡given¡¡space¡¡and¡¡within¡¡
a¡¡given¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡Hensen£»¡¡who¡¡has¡¡published¡¡so¡¡full¡¡and¡¡interesting¡¡an¡¡
account¡¡of¡¡the¡¡habits¡¡of¡¡worms£»¡¡£û51£ý¡¡calculates£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡number¡¡
which¡¡he¡¡found¡¡in¡¡a¡¡measured¡¡space£»¡¡that¡¡there¡¡must¡¡exist¡¡133£»000¡¡
living¡¡worms¡¡in¡¡a¡¡hectare¡¡of¡¡land£»¡¡or¡¡53£»767¡¡in¡¡an¡¡acre¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡
latter¡¡number¡¡of¡¡worms¡¡would¡¡weigh¡¡356¡¡pounds£»¡¡taking¡¡Hensen's¡¡
standard¡¡of¡¡the¡¡weight¡¡of¡¡a¡¡single¡¡worm£»¡¡namely£»¡¡three¡¡grams¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡
should£»¡¡however£»¡¡be¡¡noted¡¡that¡¡this¡¡calculation¡¡is¡¡founded¡¡on¡¡the¡¡
numbers¡¡found¡¡in¡¡a¡¡garden£»¡¡and¡¡Hensen¡¡believes¡¡that¡¡worms¡¡are¡¡here¡¡
twice¡¡as¡¡numerous¡¡as¡¡in¡¡corn¡­fields¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡above¡¡result£»¡¡astonishing¡¡
though¡¡it¡¡be£»¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡me¡¡credible£»¡¡judging¡¡from¡¡the¡¡number¡¡of¡¡
worms¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡sometimes¡¡seen£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡the¡¡number¡¡daily¡¡
destroyed¡¡by¡¡birds¡¡without¡¡the¡¡species¡¡being¡¡exterminated¡£¡¡¡¡Some¡¡
barrels¡¡of¡¡bad¡¡ale¡¡were¡¡left¡¡on¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Miller's¡¡land£»¡¡£û52£ý¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hope¡¡
of¡¡making¡¡vinegar£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡vinegar¡¡proved¡¡bad£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡barrels¡¡were¡¡
upset¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡should¡¡be¡¡premised¡¡that¡¡acetic¡¡acid¡¡is¡¡so¡¡deadly¡¡a¡¡
poison¡¡to¡¡worms¡¡that¡¡Perrier¡¡found¡¡that¡¡a¡¡glass¡¡rod¡¡dipped¡¡into¡¡
this¡¡acid¡¡and¡¡then¡¡into¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡body¡¡of¡¡water¡¡in¡¡which¡¡worms¡¡
were¡¡immersed£»¡¡invariably¡¡killed¡¡them¡¡quickly¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡
after¡¡the¡¡barrels¡¡had¡¡been¡¡upset£»¡¡¡¨the¡¡heaps¡¡of¡¡worms¡¡which¡¡lay¡¡
dead¡¡on¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡were¡¡so¡¡amazing£»¡¡that¡¡if¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Miller¡¡had¡¡not¡¡seen¡¡
them£»¡¡he¡¡could¡¡not¡¡have¡¡thought¡¡it¡¡possible¡¡for¡¡such¡¡numbers¡¡to¡¡
have¡¡existed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡space¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡As¡¡further¡¡evidence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡large¡¡
number¡¡of¡¡worms¡¡which¡¡live¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡Hensen¡¡states¡¡that¡¡he¡¡
found¡¡in¡¡a¡¡garden¡¡sixty¡­four¡¡open¡¡burrows¡¡in¡¡a¡¡space¡¡of¡¡14¡£5¡¡square¡¡
feet£»¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡nine¡¡in¡¡2¡¡square¡¡feet¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡burrows¡¡are¡¡
sometimes¡¡much¡¡more¡¡numerous£»¡¡for¡¡when¡¡digging¡¡in¡¡a¡¡grass¡­field¡¡
near¡¡Maer¡¡Hall£»¡¡I¡¡found¡¡a¡¡cake¡¡of¡¡dry¡¡earth£»¡¡as¡¡large¡¡as¡¡my¡¡two¡¡
open¡¡hands£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡penetrated¡¡by¡¡seven¡¡burrows£»¡¡as¡¡large¡¡as¡¡
goose¡­quills¡£

Weight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡ejected¡¡from¡¡a¡¡single¡¡burrow£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡all¡¡the¡¡
burrows¡¡within¡¡a¡¡given¡¡space¡£With¡¡respect¡¡to¡¡the¡¡weight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
earth¡¡daily¡¡ejected¡¡by¡¡worms£»¡¡Hensen¡¡found¡¡that¡¡it¡¡amounted£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
case¡¡of¡¡some¡¡worms¡¡which¡¡he¡¡kept¡¡in¡¡confinement£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡he¡¡
appears¡¡to¡¡have¡¡fed¡¡with¡¡leaves£»¡¡to¡¡only¡¡0¡£5¡¡gram£»¡¡or¡¡less¡¡than¡¡8¡¡
grains¡¡per¡¡diem¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡a¡¡very¡¡much¡¡larger¡¡amount¡¡must¡¡be¡¡ejected¡¡by¡¡
worms¡¡in¡¡their¡¡natural¡¡state£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡periods¡¡when¡¡they¡¡consume¡¡
earth¡¡as¡¡food¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡leaves£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡they¡¡are¡¡making¡¡deep¡¡
burrows¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡rendered¡¡almost¡¡certain¡¡by¡¡the¡¡following¡¡weights¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡castings¡¡t

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ