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the altruist in politics(屓務貧議旋麿麼吶宀)-及2准

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evils that must make it forever inexpedient。              The readers of Mr。 Matthew 

Arnold's works must have noticed the emphasis with which he dwells on 



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                                       ;The Altruist in Politics; 



the    instinct    of  expansion      as   a  factor    in  human      progress。      It   is  the 

refutation alike of communism and socialism that they thwart the instinct 

of expansion�察�that they substitute for individual energy the energy of the 

government�察        �that   they    substitute     for    human      personality      the   blind�察�

mechanical power of the State。               The one system�察�as the other�察�marks the 

end   of   individualism。        The   one   system�察  �as   the   other�察  �would   make   each 

man the image of his neighbor。              The one system�察�as the other�察�would hold 

back   the   progressive�察  �and�察  �by   uniformity   of   reward�察  �gain   uniformity   of 

type。 

     I can look forward to no blissful prospect for a race of men that�察�under 

the dominion of the State�察�at the cost of all freedom of action�察�at the cost�察�

indeed�察�of their own true selves�察�shall enjoy�察�if one will�察�a fair abundance 

of   the   material   blessings   of   life。    Some   Matthew   Arnold   of   the   future 

would inevitably say of them in phase like that applied to the Puritans of 

old�此 �They  entered   the   prison   of   socialism  and   had the   key  turned   upon 

their   spirit   there   for   hundreds   of   years。;    Into   that   prison   of   socialism�察�

with   broken   enterprise   and   broken energy�察 �as   serfs   under  the  mastery  of 

the State�察�while human personality is preferred to unreasoning mechanism�察�

mankind must hesitate to step。             When they shall once have entered within 

it�察�when the key shall have been turned upon their spirit and have confined 

them in narrower straits than even Puritanism could have done�察�it will be 

left for them to find�察�in their blind obedience and passive submission�察�the 

recompense for the singleness of character�察�the foresight�察�and the energy�察�

that they have left behind them。 

     In   almost   every   phase   of   life�察  �this   doctrine   of   political   altruists   is 

equally impracticable and pernicious。                In its social results�察�it involves the 

substitution   of   the   community   in   the   family's   present   position。            In   its 

political   aspects�察 �it   involves   the   absolute dominion   of the   State over   the 

actions   and   property   of   its   subjects。       Thus�察  �though   claiming   to   be   an 

exaltation   of   the   so´called   natural   rights   of   liberty   and   equality�察  �it   is   in 

reality their emphatic debasement。               It teaches that thoughtless docility is 

a   recompense   for   stunted   enterprise。         It   magnifies   material   good   at   the 

cost   of   every   rational   endowment。         It   inculcates   a   self´denial   that   must 

result in dwarfing the individual to a mere instrument in the hands of the 



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                                        ;The Altruist in Politics; 



State for the benefit of his fellows。              No such organization of society´no 

organization that fails to take note of the fact that man must have scope for 

the   exercise   and      development   of   his      faculties´no   such   organization   of 

society     can    ever   reach    a   permanent       success。    However       beneficent      its 

motives�察�the hypothesis with which it starts can never be realized。                           The 

aphorism of Emerson�察 �Churches have been built�察�not upon principles�察�but 

upon tropes�察─�is as true in the field of politics as it is in the field of religion。 

In a like figurative spirit�察�the followers of communism have reared their 

edifice�察�and�察�looking back upon the finished structure�察�seeking to discern 

the base on which it rests�察�the critic finds�察�not principles�察�but tropes。                     The 

builders   have   appealed   to   a   future   that   has   no   warrant   in   the   past�察  �and 

fixing their gaze upon the distant dreamland�察�captivated by the vision there 

beheld�察  �entranced   by   its   ideal   effulgence�察  �their   eyes   were   blinded   to   the 

real   conditions   of   the   human   problem  they  had   set   before   them。            Their 

enemies   have   not   been   slow   to   note   such   weakness   and   mistake�察  �and 

perhaps it may serve to clear up misconceptions�察�perhaps it may serve to 

lessen cant and open the way for fresh and vigorous thought�察�if we shall 

once   convince   ourselves   that   altruism  cannot   be   the   rule   of   life�察  �that   its 

logical   result   is   the dwarfing   of   the   individual   man�察  �and   that   not   by  the 

death of human personality can we hope to banish the evils of our day�察�and 

to realize the ideal of all existence�察�a nobler or purer life。 



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