the altruist in politics(屓務貧議旋麿麼吶宀)-及2准
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evils that must make it forever inexpedient。 The readers of Mr。 Matthew
Arnold's works must have noticed the emphasis with which he dwells on
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the instinct of expansion as a factor in human progress。 It is the
refutation alike of communism and socialism that they thwart the instinct
of expansion�察�that they substitute for individual energy the energy of the
government�察 �that they substitute for human personality the blind�察�
mechanical power of the State。 The one system�察�as the other�察�marks the
end of individualism。 The one system�察 �as the other�察 �would make each
man the image of his neighbor。 The one system�察�as the other�察�would hold
back the progressive�察 �and�察 �by uniformity of reward�察 �gain uniformity of
type。
I can look forward to no blissful prospect for a race of men that�察�under
the dominion of the State�察�at the cost of all freedom of action�察�at the cost�察�
indeed�察�of their own true selves�察�shall enjoy�察�if one will�察�a fair abundance
of the material blessings of life。 Some Matthew Arnold of the future
would inevitably say of them in phase like that applied to the Puritans of
old�此 �They entered the prison of socialism and had the key turned upon
their spirit there for hundreds of years。; Into that prison of socialism�察�
with broken enterprise and broken energy�察 �as serfs under the mastery of
the State�察�while human personality is preferred to unreasoning mechanism�察�
mankind must hesitate to step。 When they shall once have entered within
it�察�when the key shall have been turned upon their spirit and have confined
them in narrower straits than even Puritanism could have done�察�it will be
left for them to find�察�in their blind obedience and passive submission�察�the
recompense for the singleness of character�察�the foresight�察�and the energy�察�
that they have left behind them。
In almost every phase of life�察 �this doctrine of political altruists is
equally impracticable and pernicious。 In its social results�察�it involves the
substitution of the community in the family's present position。 In its
political aspects�察 �it involves the absolute dominion of the State over the
actions and property of its subjects。 Thus�察 �though claiming to be an
exaltation of the so´called natural rights of liberty and equality�察 �it is in
reality their emphatic debasement。 It teaches that thoughtless docility is
a recompense for stunted enterprise。 It magnifies material good at the
cost of every rational endowment。 It inculcates a self´denial that must
result in dwarfing the individual to a mere instrument in the hands of the
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State for the benefit of his fellows。 No such organization of society´no
organization that fails to take note of the fact that man must have scope for
the exercise and development of his faculties´no such organization of
society can ever reach a permanent success。 However beneficent its
motives�察�the hypothesis with which it starts can never be realized。 The
aphorism of Emerson�察 �Churches have been built�察�not upon principles�察�but
upon tropes�察─�is as true in the field of politics as it is in the field of religion。
In a like figurative spirit�察�the followers of communism have reared their
edifice�察�and�察�looking back upon the finished structure�察�seeking to discern
the base on which it rests�察�the critic finds�察�not principles�察�but tropes。 The
builders have appealed to a future that has no warrant in the past�察 �and
fixing their gaze upon the distant dreamland�察�captivated by the vision there
beheld�察 �entranced by its ideal effulgence�察 �their eyes were blinded to the
real conditions of the human problem they had set before them。 Their
enemies have not been slow to note such weakness and mistake�察 �and
perhaps it may serve to clear up misconceptions�察�perhaps it may serve to
lessen cant and open the way for fresh and vigorous thought�察�if we shall
once convince ourselves that altruism cannot be the rule of life�察 �that its
logical result is the dwarfing of the individual man�察 �and that not by the
death of human personality can we hope to banish the evils of our day�察�and
to realize the ideal of all existence�察�a nobler or purer life。
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