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Nations; he describes an Indian hunter as addressing a bear in 

nearly these words。  〃I was present;〃 he says; 〃at the delivery

of 

this curious invective; when the hunter had despatched the bear;

I 

asked him how he thought that poor animal could understand what

he 

said to it。  'O;' said he in answer; 'the bear understood me very



well; did you not observe how ashamed he looked while I was 

upbraiding him?〃'Transactions of the American Philosophical 

Society; Vol。 I。 p。 240。





Hush! the Naked Bear will hear thee! 

Heckewelder; in a letter published in the Transactions of the 

American Philosophical Society; Vol。 IV。 p。 260; speaks of this 

tradition as prevalent among the Mohicans and Delawares。



〃Their reports;〃 he says; 〃run thus: that among all animals that

had 

been formerly in this country; this was the most ferocious; that

it 

was much larger than the largest of the common bears; and

remarkably 

long…bodied; all over (except a spot of hair on its back of a

white 

color) naked。 。 。 。 。



〃The history of this animal used to be a subject of conversation 

among the Indians; especially when in the woods a hunting。  I

have 

also heard them say to their children when crying: 'Hush! the

naked 

bear will hear you; be upon you; and devour you;'〃





Where the Falls of Minnehaha; etc。 

〃The scenery about Fort Snelling is rich in beauty。  The Falls of



St。 Anthony are familiar to travellers; and to readers of Indian 

sketches。  Between the fort and these falls are the 'Little

Falls;' 

forty feet in height; on a stream that empties into the

Mississippi。  

The Indians called them Mine…hah…hah; or 'laughing waters。'〃 

MRS。 

EASTMAN'S Dacotah; or Legends of the Sioux; Introd。; p。 ii。





Sand Hills of the Nagow Wudjoo。 

A description of the Grand Sable; or great sand…dunes of Lake 

Superior; is given in Foster and Whitney's Report on the Geology

of 

the Lake Superior Land District; Part II。 p。 131。



〃The Grand Sable possesses a scenic interest little inferior to

that 

of the Pictured Rocks。  The explorer passes abruptly from a coast

of 

consolidated sand to one of loose materials; and although in the

one 

case the cliffs are less precipitous; yet in the other they

attain a 

higher altitude。  He sees before him a long reach of coast; 

resembling a vast sand…bank; more than three hundred and fifty

feet 

in height; without a trace of vegetation。  Ascending to the top; 

rounded hillocks of blown sand are observed; with occasional

clumps 

of trees standing out like oases in the desert。〃





Onaway! Awake; beloved! 

The original of this song may be found in Littell's Living Age;

Vol。 

XXV。 p。 45。





On the Red Swan floating; flying。

The fanciful tradition of the Red Swan may be found in

Schoolcraft's 

Algic Researches; Vol。 II。 p。 9。  Three brothers were hunting on

a 

wager to see who would bring home the first game。



〃They were to shoot no other animal;〃 so the legend says; 〃but

such 

as each was in the habit of killing。  They set out different

ways: 

Odjibwa; the youngest; had not gone far before he saw a bear; an 

animal he was not to kill; by the agreement。  He followed him

close; 

and drove an arrow through him; which brought him to the ground。 



Although contrary to the bet; he immediately commenced skinning

him; 

when suddenly something red tinged all the air around him。  He 

rubbed his eyes; thinking he was perhaps deceived; but without 

effect; for the red hue continued。  At length he heard a strange 

noise at a distance。  It first appeared like a human voice; but 

after following the sound for some distance; he reached the

shores 

of a lake; and soon saw the object he was looking for。  At a 

distance out in the lake sat a most beautiful Red Swan; whose 

plumage glittered in the sun; and who would now and then make the



same noise he had heard。  He was within long bow…shot; and;

pulling 

the arrow from the bowstring up to his ear; took deliberate aim

and 

shot。  The arrow took no effect; and he shot and shot again till

his 

quiver was empty。  Still the swan remained; moving round and

round; 

stretching its long neck and dipping its bill into the water; as

if 

heedless of the arrows shot at it。  Odjibwa ran home; and got all



his own and his brother's arrows and shot them all away。  He then



stood and gazed at the beautiful bird。  While standing; he 

remembered his brother's saying that in their deceased father's 

medicine…sack were three magic arrows。  Off he started; his

anxiety 

to kill the swan overcoming all scruples。  At any other time; he 

would have deemed it sacrilege to open his father's

medicine…sack; 

but now he hastily seized the three arrows and ran back; leaving

the 

other contents of the sack scattered over the lodge。  The swan

was 

still there。  He shot the first arrow with great precision; and

came 

very near to it。  The second came still closer; as he took the

last 

arrow; he felt his arm firmer; and; drawing it up with vigor; saw

it 

pass through the neck of the swan a little above the breast。 

Still 

it did not prevent the bird from flying off; which it did;

however; 

at first slowly; flapping its wings and rising gradually into the



airs and teen flying off toward the sinking of the sun。〃  pp。

10…

12。 





When I think of my beloved。

The original of this song may be found in Oneota; p。 15。 





Sing the mysteries of Mondamin。

The Indians hold the maize; or Indian corn; in great veneration。 



〃They esteem it so important and divine a grain;〃 says

Schoolcraft; 

〃that their story…tellers invented various tales; in which this

idea 

is symbolized under the form of a special gift from the Great 

Spirit。  The Odjibwa…Algonquins; who call it Mon…da…min; that is;



the Spirit's grain or berry; have a pretty story of this kind; in



which the stalk in full tassel is represented as descending from

the 

sky; under the guise of a handsome youth; in answer to the

prayers 

of a young man at his fast of virility; or coming to manhood。



〃It is well known that corn…planting and corn…gathering; at least



among all the still uncolonized tribes; are left entirely to the 

females and children; and a few superannuated old men。  It is not



generally known; perhaps; that this labor is not compulsory; and 

that it is assumed by the females as a just equivalent; in their 

view; for the onerous and continuous labor of the other sex; in 

providing meats; and skins for clothing; by the chase; and in 

defending their villages against their enemies; and keeping 

intruders off their territories。  A good Indian housewife deems

this 

a part of her prerogative; and prides herself to have a store of 

corn to exercise her hospitality; or duly honor her husband's 

hospitality; in the entertainment of the lodge guests。〃 

Oneota; 

p。 82。 





Thus the fields shall be more fruitful。

〃A singular proof of this belief; in both sexes; of the

mysterious 

influence of the steps of a woman on the vegetable and in sect 

creation; is found in an ancient custom; which was related to me;



respecting corn…planting。  It was the practice of the hunter's

wife; 

when the field of corn had been planted; to choose the first dark

or 

overclouded evening to perform a secret circuit; sans

habillement; 

around the field。  For this purpose she slipped out of the lodge

in 

the evening; unobserved; to some obscure nook; where she

completely 

disrobed。  Then; taking her matchecota; or principal garment; in

one 

hand; she dragged it around the field。  This was thought to

insure a 

prolific crop; and to prevent the assaults of insects and worms

upon 

the grain。  It was supposed they could not creep over the charmed



line。〃  Oneota; p。 83。





With his prisoner…string he bound him。

〃These cords;〃 says Mr。 Tanner 〃are made of the bark of the elm…

tree; by boiling and then immersing it in cold water。 。 。 。  The 

leader of a war party commonly carries several fastened about his



waist; and if; in the course of the fight; any one of his young

men 

take a prisoner; it is his duty to bring him immediately to the 

chief; to be tied; and the latter is responsible for his safe 

keeping。〃  Narrative of Captivity and Adventures; p。 412。 





Wagemin; the thief of cornfields;

  Paimosaid; who steals the maize…ear。



〃If one of the young female huskers finds a red ear of corn; it

is 

typical of a brave admirer; and is regarded as a fitting present

to 

some young warrior。  But if the ear be crooked; and tapering to a



point; no matter what color; the whole circle is set in a roar;

and 

wa…ge…min is the word shouted aloud。  It is the symbol of a thief

in 

the cornfield。  It is considered as the image of an old man

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