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e　married　to　daughters　of　the　king；　after　pursuing　the　Ionians　who　had　fought　at　Sardis；　defeating　them；　and　driving　them　to　their　ships；　divided　their　efforts　against　the　different　cities；　and　proceeded　in　succession　to　take　and　sack　each　one　of　them。　　　　　Daurises　attacked　the　towns　upon　the　Hellespont；　and　took　in　as　many　days　the　five　cities　of　Dardanus；　Abydos；　Percote；　Lampsacus；　and　Paesus。　From　Paesus　he　marched　against　Parium；　but　on　his　way　receiving　intelligence　that　the　Carians　had　made　common　cause　with　the　Ionians；　and　thrown　off　the　Persian　yoke；　he　turned　round；　and；　leaving　the　Hellespont；　marched　away　towards　Caria。　　　　　The　Carians　by　some　chance　got　information　of　this　movement　before　Daurises　arrived；　and　drew　together　their　strength　to　a　place　called　〃the　White　Columns；〃　which　is　on　the　river　Marsyas；　a　stream　running　from　the　Idrian　country；　and　emptying　itself　into　the　Maeander。　Here　when　they　were　met；　many　plans　were　put　forth；　but　the　best；　in　my　judgment；　was　that　of　Pixodarus；　the　son　of　Mausolus；　a　Cindyan；　who　was　married　to　a　daughter　of　Syennesis；　the　Cilician　king。　His　advice　was　that　the　Carians　should　cross　the　Maeander；　and　fight　with　the　river　at　their　back；　that　so；　all　chance　of　flight　being　cut　off；　they　might　be　forced　to　stand　their　ground；　and　have　their　natural　courage　raised　to　a　still　higher　pitch。　His　opinion；　however；　did　not　prevail；　it　was　thought　best　to　make　the　enemy　have　the　Maeander　behind　them；　that　so；　if　they　were　defeated　in　the　battle　and　put　to　flight；　they　might　have　no　retreat　open；　but　be　driven　headlong　into　the　river。　　　　　The　Persians　soon　afterwards　approached；　and；　crossing　the　Maeander；　engaged　the　Carians　upon　the　banks　of　the　Marsyas；　where　for　a　long　time　the　battle　was　stoutly　contested；　but　at　last　the　Carians　were　defeated；　being　overpowered　by　numbers。　On　the　side　of　the　Persians　there　fell　2000；　while　the　Carians　had　not　fewer　than　10；000　slain。　Such　as　escaped　from　the　field　of　battle　collected　together　at　Labranda；　in　the　vast　precinct　of　Jupiter　Stratius…　a　deity　worshipped　only　by　the　Carians…　and　in　the　sacred　grove　of　plane…trees。　Here　they　deliberated　as　to　the　best　means　of　saving　themselves；　doubting　whether　they　would　fare　better　if　they　gave　themselves　up　to　the　Persians；　or　if　they　abandoned　Asia　for　ever。　　　　　As　they　were　debating　these　matters　a　body　of　Milesians　and　allies　came　to　their　assistance；　whereupon　the　Carians；　dismissing　their　former　thoughts；　prepared　themselves　afresh　for　war；　and　on　the　approach　of　the　Persians　gave　them　battle　a　second　time。　They　were　defeated；　however；　with　still　greater　loss　than　before；　and　while　all　the　troops　engaged　suffered　severely；　the　blow　fell　with　most　force　on　the　Milesians。　　　　　The　Carians；　some　while　after；　repaired　their　ill　fortune　in　another　action。　Understanding　that　the　Persians　were　about　to　attack　their　cities；　they　laid　an　ambush　for　them　on　the　road　which　leads　to　Pedasus；　the　Persians；　who　were　making　a　night…march；　fell　into　the　trap；　and　the　whole　army　was　destroyed；　together　with　the　generals；　Daurises；　Amorges；　and　Sisimaces：　Myrsus　too；　the　son　of　Gyges；　was　killed　at　the　same　time。　The　leader　of　the　ambush　was　Heraclides；　the　son　of　Ibanolis；　a　man　of　Mylasa。　Such　was　the　way　in　which　these　Persians　perished。　　　　　In　the　meantime　Hymeas；　who　was　likewise　one　of　those　by　whom　the　Ionians　were　pursued　after　their　attack　on　Sardis；　directing　his　course　towards　the　Propontis；　took　Cius；　a　city　of　Mysia。　Learning；　however；　that　Daurises　had　left　the　Hellespont；　and　was　gone　into　Caria；　he　in　his　turn　quitted　the　Propontis；　and　marching　with　the　army　under　his　command　to　the　Hellespont；　reduced　all　the　Aeolians　of　the　Troad；　and　likewise　conquered　the　Gergithae；　a　remnant　of　the　ancient　Teucrians。　He　did　not；　however；　quit　the　Troad；　but；　after　gaining　these　successes；　was　himself　carried　off　by　disease。　　　　　After　his　death；　which　happened　as　have　related；　Artaphernes；　the　satrap　of　Sardis；　and　Otanes；　the　third　general；　were　directed　to　undertake　the　conduct　of　the　war　against　Ionia　and　the　neighbouring　Aeolis。　By　them　Clazomenae　in　the　former；　and　Cyme　in　the　latter；　were　recovered。　　　　　As　the　cities　fell　one　after　another；　Aristagoras　the　Milesian　（who　was　in　truth；　as　he　now　plainly　showed；　a　man　of　but　little　courage）；　notwithstanding　that　it　was　he　who　had　caused　the　disturbances　in　Ionia　and　made　so　great　a　commotion；　began；　seeing　his　danger；　to　look　about　for　means　of　escape。　Being　convinced　that　it　was　in　vain　to　endeavour　to　overcome　King　Darius；　he　called　his　brothers…in…arms　together；　and　laid　before　them　the　following　project：…　〃'Twould　be　well；〃　he　said；　〃to　have　some　place　of　refuge；　in　case　they　were　driven　out　of　Miletus。　Should　he　go　out　at　the　head　of　a　colony　to　Sardinia；　or　should　he　sail　to　Myrcinus　in　Edonia；　which　Histiaeus　had　received　as　a　gift　from　King　Darius；　and　had　begun　to　fortify？〃　　　　　To　this　question　of　Aristagoras；　Hecataeus；　the　historian；　son　of　Hegesander；　made　answer　that　in　his　judgement　neither　place　was　suitable。　〃Aristagoras　should　build　a　fort；〃　he　said；　〃in　the　island　of　Leros；　and；　if　driven　from　Miletus；　should　go　there　and　bide　his　time；　from　Leros　attacks　might　readily　be　made；　and　he　might　re…establish　himself　in　Miletus。〃　Such　was　the　advice　given　by　Hecataeus。　　　　　Aristagoras；　however；　was　bent　on　retiring　to　Myrcinus。　Accordingly；　he　put　the　government　of　Miletus　into　the　hands　of　one　of　the　chief　citizens；　named　Pythagoras；　and；　taking　with　him　all　who　liked　to　go；　sailed　to　Thrace；　and　there　made　himself　master　of　the　place　in　question。　From　thence　he　proceeded　to　attack　the　Thracians；　but　here　he　was　cut　off　with　his　whole　army；　while　besieging　a　city　whose　defenders　were　anxious　to　accept　terms　of　surrender。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　The　Sixth　Book；　Entitled　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ERATO

　　　　ARISTAGORAS；　the　author　of　the　Ionian　revolt；　perished　in　the　way　which　I　have　described。　Meanwhile　Histiaeus；　tyrant　of　Miletus；　who　had　been　allowed　by　Darius　to　leave　Susa；　came　down　to　Sardis。　On　his　arrival；　being　asked　by　Artaphernes；　the　Sardian　satrap；　what　he　thought　was　the　reason　that　the　Ionians　had　rebelled；　he　made　answer　that　he　could　not　conceive；　and　it　had　astonished　him　greatly；　pretending　to　be　quite　unconscious　of　the　whole　business。　Artaphernes；　however；　who　perceived　that　he　was　dealing　dishonestly；　and　who　had　in　fact　full　knowledge　of　the　whole　history　of　the　outbreak；　said　to　him；　〃I　will　tell　thee　how　the　case　stands；　Histiaeus：　this　shoe　is　of　thy　stitching；　Aristagoras　has　but　put　it　on。〃　　　　　Such　was　the　remark　made　by　Artaphernes　concerning　the　rebellion。　Histiaeus；　alarmed　at　the　knowledge　which　he　displayed；　so　soon　as　night　fell；　fled　away　to　the　coast。　Thus　he　forfeited　his　word　to　Darius；　for　though　he　had　pledged　himself　to　bring　Sardinia；　the　biggest　island　in　the　whole　world；　under　the　Persian　yoke；　he　in　reality　sought　to　obtain　the　direction　of　the　war　against　the　king。　Crossing　over　to　Chios；　he　was　there　laid　in　bonds　by　the　inhabitants；　who　accused　him　of　intending　some　mischief　against　them　in　the　interest　of　Darius。　However；　when　the　whole　truth　was　laid　before　them；　and　they　found　that　Histiaeus　was　in　reality　a　foe　to　the　king；　they　forthwith　set　him　at　large　again。　　　　　After　this　the　Ionians　inquired　of　him　for　what　reason　he　had　so　strongly　urged　Aristagoras　to　revolt　from　the　king；　thereby　doing　their　nation　so　ill　a　service。　In　reply；　he　took　good　care　not　to　disclose　to　them　the　real　cause；　but　told　them　that　King　Darius　had　intended　to　remove　the　Phoenicians　from　their　own　country；　and　place　them　in　Ionia；　while　he　planted　the　Ionians　in　Phoenicia；　and　that　it　was　for　this　reason　he　sent　Aristagoras　the　order。　Now　it　was　not　true　that　the　king　had　entertained　any　such　intention；　but　Histiaeus　succeeded　hereby　in　arousing　the　fears　of　the　Ionians。　　　　　After　this；　Histiaeus；　by　means　of　a　certain　Hermippus；　a　native　of　Atarneus；　sent　letters　to　many　of　the　Persians　in　Sardis；　who　had　before　held　some　discourse　with　him　concerning　a　revolt。　Hermippus；　however；　instead　of　conveying　them　to　the　persons　to　whom　they　were　addressed；　delivered　them　into　the　hands　of　Artaphernes；　who；　perceiving　what　was　on　foot；　commanded　Hermippus　to　deliver　the　letters　according　to　their　addresses；　and　then　bring　him　back　the　answers　which　were　sent　to　Histiaeus。　The　traitors　being　in　this　way　discovered；　Artaphernes　put　a　number　of　Persians　to　death；　and　caused　a　commotion　in　Sardis。　　　　　As　for　Histiaeus；　when　his　hopes　in　this　matter　were　disappointed；　he　persuaded　the　Chians　to　carry　him　back　to　Miletus；　but　the　Milesians　were　too　well　pleased　at　having　got　quit　of　Aristagoras　to　be　anxious　to　receive　another　tyrant　into　their　country；　besides　which　they　had　now　tasted　liberty。　They　therefore　opposed　his　return；　and　when　he　endeavoured　to　force　an　entrance　during　the　night；　one　of　the　inhabitants　even　wounded　him　in　the　thigh。　Having　been　thus　rejected　from　his　country；　he　went　back　to　Chios；　whence；　after　failing　in　an　attempt　to　induce　the　Chians　to　give　him　ships；　he　crossed　over　to　Mytilene；　where　he　succeeded　in　obtaining　vessels　from　the　Lesbians。　They　fitted　out　a　squadron　of　eight　triremes；　and　sail