the history-第107节

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they　had　determined　to　attack　before　any　other　state；　the　Naxians；　instead　of　encountering　them；　took　to　flight；　and　hurried　off　to　the　hills。　The　Persians　however　succeeded　in　laying　hands　on　some；　and　them　they　carried　away　captive；　while　at　the　same　time　they　burnt　all　the　temples　together　with　the　town。　This　done；　they　left　Naxos；　and　sailed　away　to　the　other　islands。　　　　　While　the　Persians　were　thus　employed；　the　Delians　likewise　quitted　Delos；　and　took　refuge　in　Tenos。　And　now　the　expedition　drew　near；　when　Datis　sailed　forward　in　advance　of　the　other　ships；　commanding　them；　instead　of　anchoring　at　Delos；　to　rendezvous　at　Rhenea；　over　against　Delos；　while　he　himself　proceeded　to　discover　whither　the　Delians　had　fled；　after　which　he　sent　a　herald　to　them　with　this　message：　　　　　〃Why　are　ye　fled；　O　holy　men？　Why　have　ye　judged　me　so　harshly　and　so　wrongfully？　I　have　surely　sense　enough；　even　had　not　the　king　so　ordered；　to　spare　the　country　which　gave　birth　to　the　two　gods…　to　spare；　I　say；　both　the　country　and　its　inhabitants。　Come　back　therefore　to　your　dwellings；　and　once　more　inhabit　your　island。〃　　　　　Such　was　the　message　which　Datis　sent　by　his　herald　to　the　Delians。　He　likewise　placed　upon　the　altar　three　hundred　talents'　weight　of　frankincense；　and　offered　it。　　　　　After　this　he　sailed　with　his　whole　host　against　Eretria；　taking　with　him　both　Ionians　and　Aeolians。　When　he　was　departed；　Delos　（as　the　Delians　told　me）　was　shaken　by　an　earthquake；　the　first　and　last　shock　that　has　been　felt　to　this　day。　And　truly　this　was　a　prodigy　whereby　the　god　warned　men　of　the　evils　that　were　coming　upon　them。　For　in　the　three　following　generations　of　Darius　the　son　of　Hystaspes；　Xerxes　the　son　of　Darius；　and　Artaxerxes　the　son　of　Xerxes；　more　woes　befell　Greece　than　in　the　twenty　generations　preceding　Darius…　woes　caused　in　part　by　the　Persians；　but　in　part　arising　from　the　contentions　among　their　own　chief　men　respecting　the　supreme　power。　Wherefore　it　is　not　surprising　that　Delos；　though　it　had　never　before　been　shaken；　should　at　that　time　have　felt　the　shock　of　an　earthquake。　And　indeed　there　was　an　oracle；　which　said　of　Delos…

　　　　Delo's　self　will　I　shake；　which　never　yet　has　been　　　　　　　shaken

Of　the　above　names　Darius　may　be　rendered　〃Worker；〃　Xerxes　〃Warrior；〃　and　Artaxerxes　〃Great　Warrior。〃　And　so　might　we　call　these　kings　in　our　own　language　with　propriety。　　　　　The　barbarians；　after　loosing　from　Delos；　proceeded　to　touch　at　the　other　islands；　and　took　troops　from　each；　and　likewise　carried　off　a　number　of　the　children　as　hostages。　Going　thus　from　one　to　another；　they　came　at　last　to　Carystus；　but　here　the　hostages　were　refused　by　the　Carystians；　who　said　they　would　neither　give　any；　nor　consent　to　bear　arms　against　the　cities　of　their　neighbours；　meaning　Athens　and　Eretria。　Hereupon　the　Persians　laid　siege　to　Carystus；　and　wasted　the　country　round；　until　at　length　the　inhabitants　were　brought　over　and　agreed　to　do　what　was　required　of　them。　　　　　Meanwhile　the　Eretrians；　understanding　that　the　Persian　armament　was　coming　against　them；　besought　the　Athenians　for　assistance。　Nor　did　the　Athenians　refuse　their　aid；　but　assigned　to　them　as　auxiliaries　the　four　thousand　landholders　to　whom　they　had　allotted　the　estates　of　the　Chalcidean　Hippobatae。　At　Eretria；　however；　things　were　in　no　healthy　state；　for　though　they　had　called　in　the　aid　of　the　Athenians；　yet　they　were　not　agreed　among　themselves　how　they　should　act；　some　of　them　were　minded　to　leave　the　city　and　to　take　refuge　in　the　heights　of　Euboea；　while　others；　who　looked　to　receiving　a　reward　from　the　Persians；　were　making　ready　to　betray　their　country。　So　when　these　things　came　to　the　ears　of　Aeschines；　the　son　of　Nothon；　one　of　the　first　men　in　Eretria；　he　made　known　the　whole　state　of　affairs　to　the　Athenians　who　were　already　arrived；　and　besought　them　to　return　home　to　their　own　land；　and　not　perish　with　his　countrymen。　And　the　Athenians　hearkened　to　his　counsel；　and；　crossing　over　to　Oropus；　in　this　way　escaped　the　danger。　　　　　The　Persian　fleet　now　drew　near　and　anchored　at　Tamynae；　Choereae；　and　Aegilia；　three　places　in　the　territory　of　Eretria。　Once　masters　of　these　posts；　they　proceeded　forthwith　to　disembark　their　horses；　and　made　ready　to　attack　the　enemy。　But　the　Eretrians　were　not　minded　to　sally　forth　and　offer　battle；　their　only　care；　after　it　had　been　resolved　not　to　quit　the　city；　was；　if　possible；　to　defend　their　walls。　And　now　the　fortress　was　assaulted　in　good　earnest；　and　for　six　days　there　fell　on　both　sides　vast　numbers；　but　on　the　seventh　day　Euphorbus；　the　son　of　Alcimachus；　and　Philagrus；　the　son　of　Cyneas；　who　were　both　citizens　of　good　repute；　betrayed　the　place　to　the　Persians。　These　were　no　sooner　entered　within　the　walls　than　they　plundered　and　burnt　all　the　temples　that　there　were　in　the　town；　in　revenge　for　the　burning　of　their　own　temples　at　Sardis；　moreover；　they　did　according　to　the　orders　of　Darius；　and　carried　away　captive　all　the　inhabitants。　　　　　The　Persians；　having　thus　brought　Eretria　into　subjection　after　waiting　a　few　days；　made　sail　for　Attica；　greatly　straitening　the　Athenians　as　they　approached；　and　thinking　to　deal　with　them　as　they　had　dealt　with　the　people　of　Eretria。　And；　because　there　was　no　Place　in　all　Attica　so　convenient　for　their　horse　as　Marathon；　and　it　lay　moreover　quite　close　to　Eretria；　therefore　Hippias；　the　son　of　Pisistratus；　conducted　them　thither。　　　　　When　intelligence　of　this　reached　the　Athenians；　they　likewise　marched　their　troops　to　Marathon；　and　there　stood　on　the　defensive；　having　at　their　head　ten　generals；　of　whom　one　was　Miltiades。　　　　　Now　this　man's　father；　Cimon；　the　son　of　Stesagoras；　was　banished　from　Athens　by　Pisistratus；　the　son　of　Hippocrates。　In　his　banishment　it　was　his　fortune　to　win　the　four…horse　chariot…race　at　Olympia；　whereby　he　gained　the　very　same　honour　which　had　before　been　carried　off　by　Miltiades；　his　half…brother　on　the　mother's　side。　At　the　next　Olympiad　he　won　the　prize　again　with　the　same　mares；　upon　which　he　caused　Pisistratus　to　be　proclaimed　the　winner；　having　made　an　agreement　with　him　that　on　yielding　him　this　honour　he　should　be　allowed　to　come　back　to　his　country。　Afterwards；　still　with　the　same　mares；　he　won　the　prize　a　third　time；　whereupon　he　was　put　to　death　by　the　sons　of　Pisistratus；　whose　father　was　no　longer　living。　They　set　men　to　lie　in　wait　for　him　secretly；　and　these　men　slew　him　near　the　government…house　in　the　night…time。　He　was　buried　outside　the　city；　beyond　what　is　called　the　Valley　Road；　and　right　opposite　his　tomb　were　buried　the　mares　which　had　won　the　three　prizes。　The　same　success　had　likewise　been　achieved　once　previously；　to　wit；　by　the　mares　of　Evagoras　the　Lacedaemonian；　but　never　except　by　them。　At　the　time　of　Cimon's　death　Stesagoras；　the　elder　of　his　two　sons；　was　in　the　Chersonese；　where　he　lived　with　Miltiades　his　uncle；　the　younger；　who　was　called　Miltiades　after　the　founder　of　the　Chersonesite　colony；　was　with　his　father　in　Athens。　　　　　It　was　this　Miltiades　who　now　commanded　the　Athenians；　after　escaping　from　the　Chersonese；　and　twice　nearly　losing　his　life。　First　he　was　chased　as　far　as　Imbrus　by　the　Phoenicians；　who　had　a　great　desire　to　take　him　and　carry　him　up　to　the　king；　and　when　he　had　avoided　this　danger；　and；　having　reached　his　own　country；　thought　himself　to　be　altogether　in　safety；　he　found　his　enemies　waiting　for　him；　and　was　cited　by　them　before　a　court　and　impeached　for　his　tyranny　in　the　Chersonese。　But　he　came　off　victorious　here　likewise；　and　was　thereupon　made　general　of　the　Athenians　by　the　free　choice　of　the　people。　　　　　And　first；　before　they　left　the　city；　the　generals　sent　off　to　Sparta　a　herald；　one　Pheidippides；　who　was　by　birth　an　Athenian；　and　by　profession　and　practice　a　trained　runner。　This　man；　according　to　the　account　which　he　gave　to　the　Athenians　on　his　return；　when　he　was　near　Mount　Parthenium；　above　Tegea；　fell　in　with　the　god　Pan；　who　called　him　by　his　name；　and　bade　him　ask　the　Athenians　〃wherefore　they　neglected　him　so　entirely；　when　he　was　kindly　disposed　towards　them；　and　had　often　helped　them　in　times　past；　and　would　do　so　again　in　time　to　come？〃　The　Athenians；　entirely　believing　in　the　truth　of　this　report；　as　soon　as　their　affairs　were　once　more　in　good　order；　set　up　a　temple　to　Pan　under　the　Acropolis；　and；　in　return　for　the　message　which　I　have　recorded；　established　in　his　honour　yearly　sacrifices　and　a　torch…race。　　　　　On　the　occasion　of　which　we　speak　when　Pheidippides　was　sent　by　the　Athenian　generals；　and；　according　to　his　own　account；　saw　Pan　on　his　journey；　he　reached　Sparta　on　the　very　next　day　after　quitting　the　city　of　Athens…　Upon　his　arrival　he　went　before　the　rulers；　and　said　to　them：…　　　　　〃Men　of　Lacedaemon；　the　Athenians　beseech　you　to　hasten　to　their　aid；　and　not　allow　that　state；　which　is　the　most　ancient　in　all　Greece；　to　be　enslaved　by　the　barbarians。　Eretria；　look　you；　is　already　carried　away　captive；　and　Greece　weakened　by　the　loss　of　no　mean　city。〃　　　　　Thus　did　Pheidippides　deliver　the　message　committed　to　him。　And　the　Spartans　wished　to　help　the　Athenians；　but　were　unable　to　give　them　any　present　succour；　as　they　did　not　like　to　break　their　established　law。　It　was　then　the　ni