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University¡¡of¡¡Prague¡¡caused¡¡the¡¡withdrawal¡¡of¡¡hundreds¡¡of¡¡German¡¡students¡£
Many¡¡of¡¡them¡¡had¡¡received¡¡from¡¡Huss¡¡their¡¡first¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Bible£»¡¡and
on¡¡their¡¡return¡¡they¡¡spread¡¡the¡¡gospel¡¡in¡¡their¡¡fatherland¡£

Tidings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡work¡¡at¡¡Prague¡¡were¡¡carried¡¡to¡¡Rome£»¡¡and¡¡Huss¡¡was¡¡soon
summoned¡¡to¡¡appear¡¡before¡¡the¡¡pope¡£¡¡To¡¡obey¡¡would¡¡be¡¡to¡¡expose¡¡himself¡¡to
certain¡¡death¡£¡¡The¡¡king¡¡and¡¡queen¡¡of¡¡Bohemia£»¡¡the¡¡university£»¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the
nobility£»¡¡and¡¡officers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡government¡¡united¡¡in¡¡an¡¡appeal¡¡to¡¡the¡¡pontiff
that¡¡Huss¡¡be¡¡permitted¡¡to¡¡remain¡¡at¡¡Prague¡¡and¡¡to¡¡answer¡¡at¡¡Rome¡¡by¡¡deputy¡£
Instead¡¡of¡¡granting¡¡this¡¡request£»¡¡the¡¡pope¡¡proceeded¡¡to¡¡the¡¡trial¡¡and
condemnation¡¡of¡¡Huss£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡declared¡¡the¡¡city¡¡of¡¡Prague¡¡to¡¡be¡¡under
interdict¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡101


In¡¡that¡¡age¡¡this¡¡sentence£»¡¡whenever¡¡pronounced£»¡¡created¡¡widespread¡¡alarm¡£
The¡¡ceremonies¡¡by¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡accompanied¡¡were¡¡well¡¡adapted¡¡to¡¡strike
terror¡¡to¡¡a¡¡people¡¡who¡¡looked¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡pope¡¡as¡¡the¡¡representative¡¡of¡¡God
Himself£»¡¡holding¡¡the¡¡keys¡¡of¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡hell£»¡¡and¡¡possessing¡¡power¡¡to¡¡invoke
temporal¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡spiritual¡¡judgments¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡believed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡gates¡¡of
heaven¡¡were¡¡closed¡¡against¡¡the¡¡region¡¡smitten¡¡with¡¡interdict£»¡¡that¡¡until¡¡it
should¡¡please¡¡the¡¡pope¡¡to¡¡remove¡¡the¡¡ban£»¡¡the¡¡dead¡¡were¡¡shut¡¡out¡¡from¡¡the
abodes¡¡of¡¡bliss¡£¡¡In¡¡token¡¡of¡¡this¡¡terrible¡¡calamity£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡services¡¡of
religion¡¡were¡¡suspended¡£¡¡The¡¡churches¡¡were¡¡closed¡£¡¡Marriages¡¡were¡¡solemnized
in¡¡the¡¡churchyard¡£¡¡The¡¡dead£»¡¡denied¡¡burial¡¡in¡¡consecrated¡¡ground£»¡¡were
interred£»¡¡without¡¡the¡¡rites¡¡of¡¡sepulture£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ditches¡¡or¡¡the¡¡fields¡£¡¡Thus
by¡¡measures¡¡which¡¡appealed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡imagination£»¡¡Rome¡¡essayed¡¡to¡¡control¡¡the
consciences¡¡of¡¡men¡£

The¡¡city¡¡of¡¡Prague¡¡was¡¡filled¡¡with¡¡tumult¡£¡¡A¡¡large¡¡class¡¡denounced¡¡Huss¡¡as
the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡all¡¡their¡¡calamities¡¡and¡¡demanded¡¡that¡¡he¡¡be¡¡given¡¡up¡¡to¡¡the
vengeance¡¡of¡¡Rome¡£¡¡To¡¡quiet¡¡the¡¡storm£»¡¡the¡¡Reformer¡¡withdrew¡¡for¡¡a¡¡time¡¡to
his¡¡native¡¡village¡£¡¡Writing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡friends¡¡whom¡¡he¡¡had¡¡left¡¡at¡¡Prague£»¡¡he
said£º¡¡¡¨If¡¡I¡¡have¡¡withdrawn¡¡from¡¡the¡¡midst¡¡of¡¡you£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡the
precept¡¡and¡¡example¡¡of¡¡Jesus¡¡Christ£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡not¡¡to¡¡give¡¡room¡¡to¡¡the
ill¡­minded¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡on¡¡themselves¡¡eternal¡¡condemnation£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡order¡¡not¡¡to
be¡¡to¡¡the¡¡pious¡¡a¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡affliction¡¡and¡¡persecution¡£¡¡I¡¡have¡¡retired¡¡also
through¡¡an¡¡apprehension¡¡that¡¡impious¡¡priests¡¡might¡¡continue¡¡for¡¡a¡¡longer
time¡¡to¡¡prohibit¡¡the¡¡preaching¡¡of¡¡the¡¡word¡¡of¡¡God¡¡amongst¡¡you£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡have
not¡¡quitted¡¡you¡¡to¡¡deny¡¡the¡¡divine¡¡truth£»¡¡for¡¡which£»¡¡with¡¡God's¡¡assistance£»
I¡¡am¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡die¡£¡¨Bonnechose£»¡¡The¡¡Reformers¡¡Before¡¡the¡¡Reformation£»
vol¡£¡¡1£»¡¡p¡£¡¡87¡£¡¡Huss¡¡did¡¡not¡¡cease¡¡his¡¡labors£»¡¡but¡¡traveled¡¡through¡¡the
surrounding¡¡country£»¡¡preaching¡¡to¡¡eager¡¡crowds¡£¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡measures¡¡to¡¡which
the¡¡pope¡¡resorted¡¡to¡¡suppress¡¡the¡¡gospel¡¡were¡¡causing¡¡it¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡more
widely¡¡extended¡£¡¡¡¨We¡¡can¡¡do¡¡nothing¡¡against¡¡the¡¡truth£»¡¡but¡¡for¡¡the¡¡truth¡£¡¨¡¡2
Corinthians¡¡13£º8¡£

102


¡¨The¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡Huss£»¡¡at¡¡this¡¡stage¡¡of¡¡his¡¡career£»¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡the
scene¡¡of¡¡a¡¡painful¡¡conflict¡£¡¡Although¡¡the¡¡church¡¡was¡¡seeking¡¡to¡¡overwhelm
him¡¡by¡¡her¡¡thunderbolts£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡not¡¡renounced¡¡her¡¡authority¡£¡¡The¡¡Roman
Church¡¡was¡¡still¡¡to¡¡him¡¡the¡¡spouse¡¡of¡¡Christ£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡pope¡¡was¡¡the
representative¡¡and¡¡vicar¡¡of¡¡God¡£¡¡What¡¡Huss¡¡was¡¡warring¡¡against¡¡was¡¡the¡¡abuse
of¡¡authority£»¡¡not¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡itself¡£¡¡This¡¡brought¡¡on¡¡a¡¡terrible¡¡conflict
between¡¡the¡¡convictions¡¡of¡¡his¡¡understanding¡¡and¡¡the¡¡claims¡¡of¡¡his
conscience¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡authority¡¡was¡¡just¡¡and¡¡infallible£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡believed¡¡it¡¡to
be£»¡¡how¡¡came¡¡it¡¡that¡¡he¡¡felt¡¡compelled¡¡to¡¡disobey¡¡it£¿¡¡To¡¡obey£»¡¡he¡¡saw£»¡¡was
to¡¡sin£»¡¡but¡¡why¡¡should¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡an¡¡infallible¡¡church¡¡lead¡¡to¡¡such¡¡an
issue£¿¡¡This¡¡was¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡he¡¡could¡¡not¡¡solve£»¡¡this¡¡was¡¡the¡¡doubt¡¡that
tortured¡¡him¡¡hour¡¡by¡¡hour¡£¡¡The¡¡nearest¡¡approximation¡¡to¡¡a¡¡solution¡¡which¡¡he
was¡¡able¡¡to¡¡make¡¡was¡¡that¡¡it¡¡had¡¡happened¡¡again£»¡¡as¡¡once¡¡before¡¡in¡¡the¡¡days
of¡¡the¡¡Saviour£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡priests¡¡of¡¡the¡¡church¡¡had¡¡become¡¡wicked¡¡persons¡¡and
were¡¡using¡¡their¡¡lawful¡¡authority¡¡for¡¡unlawful¡¡ends¡£¡¡This¡¡led¡¡him¡¡to¡¡adopt
for¡¡his¡¡own¡¡guidance£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡preach¡¡to¡¡others¡¡for¡¡theirs£»¡¡the¡¡maxim¡¡that¡¡the
precepts¡¡of¡¡Scripture£»¡¡conveyed¡¡through¡¡the¡¡understanding£»¡¡are¡¡to¡¡rule¡¡the
conscience£»¡¡in¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡that¡¡God¡¡speaking¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Bible£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡the
church¡¡speaking¡¡through¡¡the¡¡priesthood£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡one¡¡infallible
guide¡£¡¨Wylie£»¡¡b¡£¡¡3£»¡¡ch¡£¡¡2¡£

When¡¡after¡¡a¡¡time¡¡the¡¡excitement¡¡in¡¡Prague¡¡subsided£»¡¡Huss¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡his
chapel¡¡of¡¡Bethlehem£»¡¡to¡¡continue¡¡with¡¡greater¡¡zeal¡¡and¡¡courage¡¡the¡¡preaching
of¡¡the¡¡word¡¡of¡¡God¡£¡¡His¡¡enemies¡¡were¡¡active¡¡and¡¡powerful£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡queen¡¡and
many¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nobles¡¡were¡¡his¡¡friends£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡people¡¡in¡¡great¡¡numbers¡¡sided
with¡¡him¡£¡¡Comparing¡¡his¡¡pure¡¡and¡¡elevating¡¡teachings¡¡and¡¡holy¡¡life¡¡with¡¡the
degrading¡¡dogmas¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Romanists¡¡preached£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡avarice¡¡and
debauchery¡¡which¡¡they¡¡practiced£»¡¡many¡¡regarded¡¡it¡¡an¡¡honor¡¡to¡¡be¡¡on¡¡his
side¡£

Hitherto¡¡Huss¡¡had¡¡stood¡¡alone¡¡in¡¡his¡¡labors£»¡¡but¡¡now¡¡Jerome£»¡¡who¡¡while¡¡in
England¡¡had¡¡accepted¡¡the¡¡teachings¡¡of¡¡Wycliffe£»¡¡joined¡¡in¡¡the¡¡work¡¡of
reform¡£¡¡The¡¡two¡¡were

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡103

hereafter¡¡united¡¡in¡¡their¡¡lives£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡death¡¡they¡¡were¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡divided¡£
Brilliancy¡¡of¡¡genius£»¡¡eloquence¡¡and¡¡learninggifts¡¡that¡¡win¡¡popular
favorwere¡¡possessed¡¡in¡¡a¡¡pre¡­eminent¡¡degree¡¡by¡¡Jerome£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡those
qualities¡¡which¡¡constitute¡¡real¡¡strength¡¡of¡¡character£»¡¡Huss¡¡was¡¡the¡¡greater¡£
His¡¡calm¡¡judgment¡¡served¡¡as¡¡a¡¡restraint¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡impulsive¡¡spirit¡¡of¡¡Jerome£»
who£»¡¡with¡¡true¡¡humility£»¡¡perceived¡¡his¡¡worth£»¡¡and¡¡yielded¡¡to¡¡his¡¡counsels¡£
Under¡¡their¡¡united¡¡labors¡¡the¡¡reform¡¡was¡¡more¡¡rapidly¡¡extended¡£

God¡¡permitted¡¡great¡¡light¡¡to¡¡shine¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡minds¡¡of¡¡these¡¡chosen¡¡men£»
revealing¡¡to¡¡them¡¡many¡¡of¡¡the¡¡errors¡¡of¡¡Rome£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡receive¡¡all
the¡¡light¡¡that¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡given¡¡to¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡Through¡¡these£»¡¡His¡¡servants£»
God¡¡was¡¡leading¡¡the¡¡people¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡darkness¡¡of¡¡Romanism£»¡¡but¡¡there¡¡were
many¡¡and¡¡great¡¡obstacles¡¡for¡¡them¡¡to¡¡meet£»¡¡and¡¡He¡¡led¡¡them¡¡on£»¡¡step¡¡by¡¡step£»
as¡¡they¡¡could¡¡bear¡¡it¡£¡¡They¡¡were¡¡not¡¡prepared¡¡to¡¡receive¡¡all¡¡the¡¡light¡¡at
once¡£¡¡Like¡¡the¡¡full¡¡glory¡¡of¡¡the¡¡noontide¡¡sun¡¡to¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡long¡¡dwelt
in¡¡darkness£»¡¡it¡¡would£»¡¡if¡¡presented£»¡¡have¡¡caused¡¡them¡¡to¡¡turn¡¡away¡£
Therefore¡¡He¡¡revealed¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡leaders¡¡little¡¡by¡¡little£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡could¡¡be
received¡¡by¡¡the¡¡people¡£¡¡From¡¡century¡¡to¡¡century£»¡¡other¡¡faithful¡¡workers¡¡were
to¡¡follow£»¡¡to¡¡lead¡¡the¡¡people¡¡on¡¡still¡¡further¡¡in¡¡the¡¡path¡¡of¡¡reform¡£

The¡¡schism¡¡in¡¡the¡¡church¡¡still¡¡continued¡£¡¡Three¡¡popes¡¡were¡¡now¡¡contending
for¡¡the¡¡supremacy£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡strife¡¡filled¡¡Christendom¡¡with¡¡crime¡¡and
tumult¡£¡¡Not¡¡content¡¡with¡¡hurling¡¡anathemas£»¡¡they¡¡resorted¡¡to¡¡temporal
weapons¡£¡¡Each¡¡cast¡¡about¡¡him¡¡to¡¡purchase¡¡arms¡¡and¡¡to¡¡obtain¡¡soldiers¡£¡¡Of
course¡¡money¡¡must¡¡be¡¡had£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡procure¡¡this£»¡¡the¡¡gifts£»¡¡offices£»¡¡and
blessings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡church¡¡were¡¡offered¡¡for¡¡sale¡£¡¡£¨See¡¡Appendix¡¡note¡¡for¡¡page
59¡££©¡¡The¡¡priests¡¡also£»¡¡imitating¡¡their¡¡superiors£»¡¡resorted¡¡to¡¡simony¡¡and¡¡war
to¡¡humble¡¡their¡¡rivals¡¡and¡¡strengthen¡¡their¡¡own¡¡power¡£¡¡With¡¡daily¡¡increasing
boldness¡¡Huss¡¡thundered¡¡against¡¡the¡¡abominations¡¡which¡¡were¡¡tolerated¡¡in¡¡the
name¡¡of¡¡religion£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡people¡¡openly¡¡accused¡¡the¡¡Romish¡¡leaders¡¡as¡¡the
cause¡¡of¡¡the¡¡miseries¡¡that¡¡overwhelmed¡¡Christendom¡£

104


Again¡¡the¡¡city¡¡of¡¡Prague¡¡seemed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡verge¡¡of¡¡a¡¡bloody¡¡conflict¡£¡¡As¡¡in
former¡¡ages£»¡¡God's¡¡servant¡¡was¡¡accused¡¡as¡¡¡¨he¡¡that¡¡troubleth¡¡Israel¡£¡¨¡¡1
Kings¡¡18£º17¡£¡¡The¡¡city¡¡was¡¡again¡¡placed¡¡under¡¡interdict£»¡¡and¡¡Huss¡¡withdrew¡¡to
his¡¡native¡¡village¡£¡¡The¡¡testimony¡¡so¡¡faithfully¡¡borne¡¡from¡¡his¡¡loved¡¡chapel
of¡¡Bethlehem¡¡was¡¡ended¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡from¡¡a¡¡wider¡¡stage£»¡¡to¡¡all
Christendom£»¡¡before¡¡laying¡¡down¡¡his¡¡life¡¡as¡¡a¡¡witness¡¡for¡¡the¡¡truth¡£

To¡¡cure¡¡the¡¡evils¡¡that¡¡were¡¡distracting¡¡Europe£»¡¡a¡¡general¡¡council¡¡was
summoned¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡at¡¡Constance¡£¡¡The¡¡council¡¡was¡¡called¡¡at¡¡the¡¡desire¡¡of¡¡the
emperor¡¡Sigismund£»¡¡by¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡three¡¡rival¡¡popes£»¡¡John¡¡XXIII¡£¡¡The¡¡demand
for¡¡a¡¡council¡¡had¡¡been¡¡far¡¡from¡¡welcome¡¡to¡¡Pope¡¡John£»¡¡whose¡¡character¡¡and
policy¡¡could¡¡ill¡¡bear¡¡investigation£»¡¡even¡¡by¡¡prelates¡¡as¡¡lax¡¡in¡¡morals¡¡as
were¡¡the¡¡churchmen¡¡of¡¡those¡¡times¡£¡¡He¡¡dared¡¡not£»¡¡however£»¡¡oppose¡¡the¡¡will¡¡of
Sigismund¡£¡¡£¨See¡¡Appendix¡££©

The¡¡chief¡¡objects¡¡to¡¡be¡¡accomplished¡¡by¡¡the¡¡council¡¡were¡¡to¡¡heal¡¡the¡¡schism
in¡¡the¡¡church¡¡and¡¡to¡¡root¡¡out¡¡heresy¡£¡¡Hence¡¡the¡¡two¡¡antipopes¡¡were¡¡summoned
to¡¡appear¡¡before¡¡it£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡the¡¡leading¡¡propagator¡¡of¡¡the¡¡new¡¡opinions£»
John¡¡Huss¡£¡¡The¡¡former£»¡¡having¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡their¡¡own¡¡safety£»¡¡did¡¡not¡¡attend¡¡in
person£»¡¡but¡¡were¡¡represented¡¡by¡¡their¡¡delegates¡£¡¡Pope¡¡John£»¡¡while¡¡ostensibly
the¡¡convoker¡¡of¡¡the¡¡council£»¡¡came¡¡to¡¡it¡¡with¡¡many¡¡misgivings£»¡¡suspecting¡¡the
emperor's¡¡secret¡¡purpose¡¡to¡¡depose¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡fearing¡¡to¡¡be¡¡brought¡¡to¡¡account
for¡¡the¡¡vices¡¡which¡¡had¡¡disgraced¡¡the¡¡tiara£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡for¡¡the¡¡crimes¡¡which
had¡¡secured¡¡it¡£¡¡Yet¡¡he¡¡made¡¡his¡¡entry¡¡into¡¡the¡¡city¡¡of¡¡Constance¡¡with¡¡great
pomp£»¡¡attended¡¡by¡¡ecclesiastics¡¡of¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡rank¡¡and¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡a¡¡train
of¡¡courtiers¡£¡¡All¡¡the¡¡clergy¡¡and¡¡dignitaries¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city£»¡¡with¡¡an¡¡immense
crowd¡¡of¡¡citizens£»¡¡went¡¡out¡¡to¡¡welcome¡¡him¡£¡¡Above¡¡his¡¡head¡¡was¡¡a¡¡golden
canopy£»¡¡borne¡¡by¡¡four¡¡of¡¡the¡¡chief¡¡magistrates¡£¡¡The¡¡host¡¡was¡¡carried¡¡before
him£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rich¡¡dresses¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cardinals¡¡an

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