scientific secrets-第1节
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
D E M O N S T R A T I V E T R A N S L A T I O N
O F
S C I E N T I F I C S E C R E T S ；
O R
A C O L L E C T I O N O F A B O V E
5 0 0 U S E F U L R E C E I P T S
O N A V A R I E T Y O F S U B J E C T S
by DANIEL YOUNG
1 8 6 1
I N T R O D U C T I O N
The object of the present work is clearly announced in its title。 It is to
collect within a small compass the instructions of experimental knowledge
upon a great variety of subjects which relate to the present interests of
man。 It contains above five hundred genuine and practical receipts； which
have been compiled by the publisher with extreme difficulty and expense。 A
reference to the list of subjects which the work contains； will show that
the publisher's researches have been extensive； while a comparison of the
work with others of the same general character evinces patient labour； and
cannot fail to give it pre…eminence。 While the track pursued is not new；
it is more thorough； and more easily followed than that marked out by any
previous compiler known to myself。 The work contains not merely the
outlines on the subjects to which it refers； but； what appears to my own
mind one of its excellences； the full and clear explanations of these
subjects。 To all classes of people； without exception； the work is of
great value。 It is fit； on every account； that the publisher should be
encouraged in this production。 The work is worthy the acceptance of all；
and one which every man may prize。
E R R A T A
Page 117； and seventh line from top； and page 60； third line from bottom；
says … tin of silver foil； they should be silver leaf。
Demonstrative Translation
of
SCIENTIFIC SECRETS
1。 ORIENTAL PAINTING
Any bunch of roses or flowers； or any thing of the kind that you admire；
take the pattern of by placing them against a light of window glass； then
lay a piece of white paper over them； and through the latter you will see
the roses； &c。 Now with a lead pencil take the pattern of the roses； &c。；
on the paper； when you have them all marked； cut then out with a scissors；
so that you have a complete pattern of them。 Now take a piece of glass；
whatever size your pattern requires； stick the pattern on it with wafers；
then paint the glass all over； except where the pattern covers； with black
paint； composed of refined lampblack； black enamel； copel varnish and
turpentine； mixed。 Now let this dry； then take off your patterns and paint
your roses； flowers； &c。； with tube paints； mixed with demar varnish； so
that your roses； &c。； may be； in a manner； transparent。 Paint your large
roses red； some of the smaller ones yellow； or any colour to suit your
taste。 Paint one side of the leaves a darker shade of green than the
other； which will make the picture appear as though the sun was shining on
it。 When this painting is dry； take silver or gold foil； （gold is best；）
wrinkle it up in your hand then nearly straighten it； and cover the back
of the glass all over with it； over the large roses let the wrinkles be
larger； over the small ones smaller； &c。； then lay a piece of stiff paper；
the size of the glass； over the foil； and a piece of very thin board again
over this； have it framed in this manner and it is completed。 You now have
one of the richest of paintings； which is commonly taught at a cost of 5。
You may buy all you require for this painting at the druggist's。
2。 TRANSFER PAINTING ON GLASS
This is for transferring any picture plate you please to glass； to be
framed。 First give the glass a coat of demar varnish； let it remain for
eight hours； or until dry； at this time have your picture thoroughly
soaked in warm water； then give the glass another coat of demar varnish；
and take the picture out of the water； then let it and the glass remain
for twenty minutes； by which time the water will be struck in from the
face of the picture； after which you will place the front of the picture
on the varnished glass； （avoiding wrinkles and spots of water；） press it
well on until every part is stuck fast； then carefully rub the paper all
away to a mere film； give the glass then； over this film； another coat of
demar varnish； which will make the film transparent； let it dry； then
place the glass； with the varnished side towards you； between you and the
light； and you will see the outlines of the picture quite distinctly； you
may then paint on the back with tube paints； mixed with a little demar
varnish to assist in drying； to suit your taste。 For instance； if the
picture is that of a lady； you may paint the dress red； the shawl or cape；
as it may be； blue； the face flesh colour； （which colour may be made by
mixing a little red with white；） the bonnet scarlet； the shoes black； if
trees； have them green； &c。 All you want for this painting you may also
buy at the druggist's。 This painting is very simple and elegant； it is
commonly taught at a cost of 3。 Try it； you cannot fail。
3。 TRANSFER VARNISH
Take of Canada balsam 3 drachms； gum sandric 3 drachms； spirits of wine
1/2 pint。 Dissolve the balsam and gum in the spirits of wine and it is
ready for use。
4。 WHITE SPIRIT VARNISH … THE VERY BEST。
Take of gum sandrack 4 ounces； mastic 1 ounce； Elmi rosin 1/2 ounce；
Venice turpentine 1 ounce； alcohol 15 ounces。 Digest in a bottle；
frequently shaking； till the gums are dissolved； and it is ready for use。
5。 TRANSFER PAINTING ON WOOD
By this you may transfer any picture you please from paper to a cutter
back； or any other substance you please。 Give the board three coats of
white spirit varnish； receipt No。4； damp the back of the print with strong
vinegar； give the front a very heavy coat of the transfer varnish； receipt
No。3； then press it on the board； avoiding creases； when perfectly dry and
fast； rub the paper away； the print is indelibly fixed； then varnish it
over as you would any other painting。 This receipt has been commonly sold
for 5。
6。 ELECTRO GOLD PLATING … NEW METHOD
Take 100 grams of laminated gold； mixed with 20 grams of hydrochloric
acid； 10 grams of nitric acid； the liquid thus composed is placed over a
moderate fire； and stirred constantly until the gold passes into the state
of chlorine； it is then allowed to cool。 A second liquid is formed by
dissolving 60 grams of cyanide of potassium in 80 grams of distilled
waters； the two liquids are mixed together in a decanter and stirred for
20 minutes； and then filtered。 Finally 100 grams of whiting； dry and
sifted； are mixed with 5 grams of pulverised supertartrate of potass； this
new powder is dissolved in a portion of the above described liquid； in
sufficient quantity to form a paste of the proper consistency to be spread
with a pencil on the article or part to be gilded。 The superabundant
powder is then removed by washing and the article is beautifully gilded
with a heavy or light coat； according to the quantity of paste used。 Grams
belong to French weights； four grams are a little more than one drachm。
ELECTRO SILVERING … NEW METHOD
10 grams of nitrate of silver are dissolved in 50 grams of distilled
water； then 25 grams of cyanide of potassium in 50 grams of distilled
water； the two liquids are mixed in a decanter； and stirred for 10
minutes； it is then filtered。 Finally； 100 grams of sifted whiting are
mixed with 10 grams of pulverised supertartrate of potass and one gram of
mercury。 This powder and dissolving liquid are used in the same manner as
in the above method of gold plating。 These excellent methods of silvering
and gilding were discovered in June 1860； by the great French chemist
Baldooshong of Paris France。 It is far superior to any other method ever
discovered； and will eventually take the place of all。
8。 ELECTRO GOLD PLATING … USUAL METHOD
Take a 2 50c。 piece of gold； and put it into a mixture of 1 ounce of
nitric and 4 ounces of muriatic acids； （glass vessels only are to be used
in this work；） when it is all cut dissolve 1/2 an ounce of sulphate of
potash in one pint of pure rain water； and mix the gold solution； stirring
well； then let stand and the gold will be thrown down； then pour off the
acid fluid； and wash the gold in two or three waters； or until no acid is
tasted by touching the tongue to the gold。 Now dissolve one ounce of
cyanuret of potassium in one pint of pure rain water； to which add the
gold； and it is ready to use。 Clear the article to be plated
