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madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及20准

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their bright patches of eternal snow�察�I should advise you to look at the rock 



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on which you stand�察�and see what you see there。                And you will see that on 

the side of the Coiles towards Lochnagar�察�and between the knolls of them�察�

are scattered streams�察�as it were�察�of great round boulder stoneswhich are 

not   serpentine�察  �but   granite   from   the   top   of   Lochnagar�察  �five   miles   away。 

And you will see that the knolls of serpentine rock�察�or at least their backs 

and shoulders towards Lochnagar�察�are all smoothed and polished till they 

are   as   round   as   the   backs   of   sheep�察   �roches   moutonnees�察─  �as   the   French 

call ice´polished rocks�察�and then�察�if you understand what that means�察�you 

will say�察�as I said�察 �I am perfectly certain that this great basin between me 

and Lochnagar�察�which is now 3000 feet deep of empty air was once filled 

up with ice to the height of the hills on which I stand about 1700 feet 

highand   that   that   ice   ran   over   into   Glen   Muick�察  �between   these   pretty 

knolls�察�and covered the ground where Birk Hall now stands。; 

     And more�此� When you see growing on those knolls of serpentine a few 

pretty little Alpine plants�察�which have no business down there so low�察�you 

will   have   a   fair   right   to   say�察  �as   I   said�察   �The   seeds   of   these   plants   were 

brought   by   the   ice   ages   and   ages   since   from   off   the   mountain   range   of 

Lochnagar�察      �and   left  here�察 �nestling    among     the  rocks�察  �to   found   a  fresh 

colony�察�far from their old mountain home。; 

     If   I   could   take   you   with   me   up   to   Scotland��take   you�察  �for   instance�察�

along the Tay�察�up the pass of Dunkeld�察�or up Strathmore towards Aberdeen�察�

or up the Dee towards Braemar��I could show you signs�察�which cannot be 

mistaken�察  �of   the   time   when   Scotland   was�察  �just   like   Spitzbergen   or   like 

Greenland now�察�covered in one vast sheet of snow and ice from year's end 

to year's end�察�when glaciers were ploughing out its valleys�察�icebergs were 

breaking off the icy cliffs and floating out to sea�察�when not a bird�察�perhaps�察�

was to be seen save sea´fowl�察�not a plant upon the rocks but a few lichens�察�

and   Alpine   saxifrages�察  �and   such   likedesolation   and   cold   and         lifeless 

everywhere。        That ice´time went on for ages and for ages�察�and yet it did 

not   go   on   in   vain。  Through   it   Madam   How   was   ploughing   down   the 

mountains of Scotland to make all those rich farms which stretch from the 

north side of the Frith of Forth into Sutherlandshire。                 I could show you 

everywhere the green banks and knolls of earth�察�which Scotch people call 

;kames;   and   ;tomans;   perhaps   brought   down   by   ancient   glaciers�察  �or 



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dropped by ancient icebergsnow so smooth and green through summer 

and through winter�察�among the wild heath and the rough peat´moss�察�that 

the   old   Scots   fancied�察  �and   I   dare   say   Scotch   children   fancy   still�察  �fairies 

dwelt inside。      If you laid your ear against the mounds�察�you might hear the 

fairy   music�察  �sweet   and   faint�察  �beneath   the   ground。      If   you   watched   the 

mound   at     night�察  �you   might   see    the  fairies   dancing    the   turf  short  and 

smooth�察�or riding out on fairy horses�察�with green silk clothes and jingling 

bells。    But if you fell asleep upon the mounds�察�the fairy queen came out 

and carried you for seven years into Fairyland�察�till you awoke again in the 

same place�察�to find all changed around you�察�and yourself grown thin and 

old。 

     These   are   all   dreams   and   fanciesuntrue�察  �not   because   they   are   too 

strange   and   wonderful�察  �but   because   they   are   not   strange   and   wonderful 

enough�此     �for   more   wonderful   sure   than   any  fairy  tale   it   is�察 �that   Madam 

How should make a rich and pleasant land by the brute force of ice。 

     And were there any men and women in that old age of ice�拭                     �That is a 

long story�察�and a dark one too�察�we will talk of it next time。 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



                               CHAPTER VI 



                              THE TRUE FAIRY TALE 



     You asked if there were men in England when the country was covered 

with ice and snow。        Look at this�察�and judge for yourself。 

     What is it�拭�a piece of old mortar�拭         �Yes。    But mortar which was made 

Madam How herself�察�and not by any man。                 And what is in it�拭     �A piece of 

flint and some bits of bone。         But look at that piece of flint。        It is narrow�察�

thin�察  �sharp´edged�此     �quite   different   in   shape   from   any   bit   of   flint   which 

you   or   I   ever   saw   among   the   hundreds   of   thousands   of   broken   bits   of 

gravel which we tread on here all day long�察�and here are some more bits 

like it�察�which came from the same placeall very much the same shape�察�

like rough knives or razor blades�察�and here is a core of flint�察�the remaining 

part of a large flint�察�from which�察�as you may see�察�blades like those have 

been   split   off。  Those   flakes   of   flint�察  �my   child�察  �were   split   off   by   men�察�

even your young eyes ought to be able to see that。                  And here are other 

pieces    of   flintpear´shaped�察    �but   flattened�察  �sharp   at  one   end    and   left 

rounded   at   the   other�察  �which   look   like   spear´   heads�察  �or   arrow´heads�察  �or 

pointed axes�察�or pointed hatchetseven your young eyes can see that these 

must have been made by man。 And they are�察�I may tell you�察�just like the 

tools of flint�察�or of obsidian�察�which is volcanic glass�察�and which savages 

use still where they have not iron。            There is a great obsidian knife�察�you 

know�察�in a house in this very parish�察�which came from Mexico�察�and your 

eye can tell you how like it is to these flint ones。           But these flint tools are 

very old。     If you crack a fresh flint�察�you will see that its surface is gray�察�

and   somewhat   rough�察  �so   that   it   sticks   to   your   tongue。 These   tools   are 

smooth   and   shiny�此     �and   the   edges   of   some   of   them   are   a   little   rubbed 

from being washed about in gravel�察�while the iron in the gravel has stained 

them   reddish�察  �which   it   would   take   hundreds   and   perhaps   thousands   of 

years   to   do。   There   are   little   rough   markings�察  �too�察  �upon   some   of   them�察�

which�察�if you look at through a magnifying glass�察�are iron�察�crystallised into 

the shape of little seaweeds and treesanother sign that they are very very 

old。    And what is more�察�near the place where these flint flakes come from 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



there are no flints in the ground for hundreds of miles�察�so that men must 

have   brought   them   there   ages   and   ages   since。     And   to   tell   you   plainly�察�

these   are   scrapers   such   as   the   Esquimaux   in   North America   still   use   to 

scrape the flesh off bones�察�and to clean the insides of skins。 

     But did these people ��savages perhaps�� live when the country was icy 

cold�拭     �Look     at  the   bits  of   bone。    They     have    been    split�察 �you   see�察�

lengthways�察  �that�察  �I   suppose�察  �was   to   suck   the   marrow   out   of   them�察  �as 

savages do still。      But to what animal do the bones belong�拭                �That is the 

question�察�and one which I could not have answered you�察�if wiser men than 

I am could not have told me。 

     They are the bones of reindeersuch reindeer as are now found only in 

Lapland   and   the   half´frozen   parts   of   North America�察  �close   to   the Arctic 

circle�察�where they have six months day and six months night。                     You have 

read of Laplanders�察�and how they drive reindeer in their sledges�察�and live 

upon reindeer milk�察�and you have read of Esquimaux�察�who hunt seals and 

walrus�察  �and   live   in   houses   of   ice�察  �lighted   by   lamps   fed   with   the   same 

blubber on which they feed themselves。              I need not tell you about them。 

     Now   comes   the   questionWhence   did   these   flints   and   bones   come�拭�

They came out of a cave in Dordogne�察�in the heart of sunny France��far 

away to the south�察�where it is hotter every summer than it was here even 

this summer�察�from among woods of box and evergreen oak�察�and vineyards 

of rich r

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