the malay archipelago-2-及25准
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
gong as an accompaniment�察�concluding with all wishing each other ;Salaamat jalan�察─�a safe and happy journey。 We had a light breeze�察�a calm sea�察�and a fine morning�察�a prosperous commencement of our voyage of about a thousand miles to the far´famed Aru Islands。
The wind continued light and variable all day�察�with a calm in the evening before the land breeze sprang up�察�were then passing the island of ;Tanakaki ;��foot of the land���察�at the extreme south of this part of Celebes。 There are some dangerous rocks here�察�and as I was standing by the bulwarks�察�I happened to spit over the side�察�one of the men begged I would not do so just now�察�but spit on deck�察�as they were much afraid of this place。 Not quite comprehending�察�I made him repeat his request�察�when�察�seeing he was in earnest�察�I said�察 �Very well�察�I suppose there are 'hantus' ��spirits�� here。; ;Yes�察─�said he�察 �and they don't like anything to be thrown overboard�察�many a prau has been lost by doing it。; Upon which I promised to be very careful。 At sunset the good Mahometans on board all repeated a few words of prayer with a general chorus�察�reminding me of the pleasing and impressive ;Ave。 Maria; of Catholic countries。
Dec。 20th。´At sunrise we were opposite the Bontyne mountain�察�said to be one of the highest in Celebes。 In the afternoon we passed the Salayer Straits and had a little squall�察�which obliged us to lower our huge mast�察�sails�察�and heavy yards。 The rest of the evening we had a fine west wind�察�which carried us on at near five knots an hour�察�as much as our lumbering old tub can possibly go。
Dec。 21st。´A heavy swell from the south´west rolling us about most uncomfortably。 A steady wind was blowing however�察�and we got on very well。
Dec。 22d。´The swell had gone down。 We passed Boutong�察�a large island�察�high�察�woody�察�and populous�察�the native place of some of our crew。 A small prau returning from Bali to the�察�island of Goram overtook us。 The nakoda ��captain�� was known to our owner。 They had been two years away�察�but were full of people�察�with several black Papuans on board。 At 6 P。M。 we passed Wangiwangi�察�low but not flat�察�inhabited and subject to Boutong。 We had now fairly entered the Molucca Sea。 After dark it was a beautiful sight to look down on our rudders�察�from which rushed eddying streams of phosphoric light gemmed with whirling sparks of fire。 It resembled ��more nearly than anything else to which I can compare it�� one of the large irregular nebulous star´clusters seen through a good telescope�察�with the additional attraction of ever´changing form and dancing motion。
Dec。 23d。´Fine red sunrise�察�the island we left last evening barely visible behind us。 The Goram prau about a mile south of us。 They have no compass�察�yet they have kept a very true course during the night。 Our owner tells me they do it by the swell of the sea�察�the direction of which they notice at sunset�察�and sail by it during the night。 In these seas they are never ��in fine weather�� more than two days without seeing land。 Of course adverse winds or currents sometimes carry them away�察�but they soon fall in with some island�察�and there are always some old sailors on board who know it�察�and thence take a new course。 Last night a shark about five feet long was caught�察�and this morning it was cut up and cooked。 In the afternoon they got another�察�and I had a little fried�察�and found it firm and dry�察�but very palatable。 In the evening the sun set in a heavy bank of clouds�察�which�察�as darkness came on�察�assumed a fearfully black appearance。 According to custom�察�when strong wind or rain is expected�察�our large sails ´were furled�察�and with their yards let down on deck�察�and a small square foresail alone kept up。 The great mat sails are most awkward things to manage in rough weather。 The yards which support them are seventy feet long�察�and of course very heavy�察�and the only way to furl them being to roll up the sail on the boom�察�it is a very dangerous thing to have them standing when overtaken by a squall。 Our crew�察�though numerous enough for a vessel of 700 instead of one of 70 tons�察�have it very much their own way�察�and there seems to be seldom more than a dozen at work at a time。 When anything important is to be done�察�however�察�all start up willingly enough�察�but then all think themselves at liberty to give their opinion�察�and half a dozen voices are heard giving orders�察�and there is such a shrieking and confusion that it seems wonderful anything gets done at all。
Considering we have fifty men of several tribes and tongues onboard�察�wild�察�half´savage looking fellows�察�and few of them feeling any of the restraints of morality or education�察�we get on wonderfully well。 There is no fighting or quarrelling�察�as there would certainly be among the same number of Europeans with as little restraint upon their actions�察�and there is scarcely any of that noise and excitement which might be expected。 In fine weather the greater part of them are quietly enjoying themselves´ ´some are sleeping under the shadow of the sails�察�others�察�in little groups of three or four�察�are talking or chewing betel�察�one is making a new handle to his chopping´knife�察�another is stitching away at a new pair of trousers or a shirt�察�and all are as quiet and well´conducted as on board the best´ordered English merchantman。 Two or three take it by turns to watch in the bows and see after the braces and halyards of the great sails�察�the two steersmen are below in the steerage�察�our captain�察�or the juragan�察�gives the course�察�guided partly by the compass and partly by the direction of the wind�察�and a watch of two or three on the poop look after the trimming of the sails and call out the hours by the water´clock。 This is a very ingenious contrivance�察�which measures time well in both rough weather and fine。 It is simply a bucket half filled with water�察�in which floats the half of a well´scraped cocoa´nut shell。 In the bottom of this shell is a very small hole�察�so that when placed to float in the bucket a fine thread of water squirts up into it。 This gradually fills the shell�察�and the size of the hole is so adjusted to the capacity of the vessel that�察�exactly at the end of an hour�察�plump it goes to the bottom。 The watch then cries out the number of hours from sunrise and sets the shell afloat again empty。 This is a very good measurer of time。 I tested it with my watch and found that it hardly varied a minute from one hour to another�察�nor did the motion of the vessel have any effect upon it�察�as the water in the bucket of course kept level。 It has a great advantage for a rude people in being easily understood�察�in being rather bulky and easy to see�察�and in the final submergence being accompanied with a little bubbling and commotion of the water�察�which calls the attention to it。 It is also quickly replaced if lost while in harbour。
Our captain and owner I find to be a quiet�察�good´tempered man�察�who seems to get on very well with all about him。 When at sea he drinks no wine or spirits�察�but indulges only in coffee and cakes�察�morning and afternoon�察�in company with his supercargo and assistants。 He is a man of some little education�察�can read and write well both Dutch and Malay�察�uses a compass�察�and has a chart。 He has been a trader to Aru for many years�察�and is well known to both Europeans and natives in this part of the world。
Dec。 24th。´Fine�察�and little wind。 No land in sight for the first time since we left Macassar。 At noon calm�察�with heavy showers�察�in which our crew wash their clothes�察�anti in the afternoon the prau is covered with shirts�察�trousers�察�and sarongs of various gay colours。 I made a discovery to´day which at first rather alarmed me。 The two ports�察�or openings�察�through which the tillers enter from the lateral rudders are not more than three or four feet above the surface of the water�察�which thus has a free entrance into the vessel。 I of course had imagined that this open space from one side to the other was separated from the hold by a water´tight bulkhead�察�so that a sea entering might wash out at the further side�察�and do no more harm than give the steersmen a drenching。 To my surprise end dismay�察�however�察�I find that it is completely open to the hold�察�so that half´a´dozen seas rolling in on a stormy night would nearly�察�or quite�察�swamp us。 Think of a vessel going to sea for a month with two holes�察�each a yard square�察�into the hold�察�at three feet above the water´line�察�holes�察�too�察�which cannot possibly be closed� �But our captain says all praus are so�察�and though he acknowledges the danger�察 �he does not know how to alter itthe people are used to it�察�he does not understand praus so well as they do�察�and if such a great alteration were made�察�he should be sure to have difficulty in getting a crew� ─�This proves at all events that praus must be good sea´boats�察�for the captain has been continually making voyages in them for the last ten years�察�and says he has never known water enough enter to do any harm。
Dec。25th。´Christmas´day dawned upon us with gusts of wind�察�driving rain�察�thunder and lightning�察�added to which a short confused sea made our queer vessel pitch and roll very uncomfortably。 About nine o'clock�察�however�察�it cleared up�察�and we then saw ahead of us the fine island of Bouru�察�perhaps forty or fifty miles distant�察�its mountains wreathed with clouds�察�while its lower lands w