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tant collection of three poems; 〃Works and Days〃;      〃Theogony〃; and 〃Shield of Heracles〃; which alone have come      down to us complete; dates at least from the 4th century      A。D。: the title of the Paris Papyrus (Bibl。 Nat。 Suppl。 Gr。      1099) names only these three works。 (3)  〃Der Dialekt des Hesiodes〃; p。 464: examples are AENEMI (W。      and D。 683) and AROMENAI (ib。 22)。 (4)  T。W。 Allen suggests that the conjured Delian and Pythian      hymns to Apollo (〃Homeric Hymns〃 III) may have suggested      this version of the story; the Pythian hymn showing strong      continental influence。 (5)  She is said to have given birth to the lyrist Stesichorus。 (6)  See Kinkel 〃Epic。 Graec。 Frag。〃 i。 158 ff。 (7)  See 〃Great Works〃; frag。 2。 (8)  〃Hesiodi Fragmenta〃; pp。 119 f。 (9)  Possibly the division of this poem into two books is a      division belonging solely to this ‘developed poem'; which      may have included in its second part a summary of the Tale      of Troy。 (10) Goettling's explanation。 (11) x。 1。 52 (12) Odysseus appears to have been mentioned once only  and      that casually  in the 〃Returns〃。 (13) M。M。 Croiset note that the 〃Aethiopis〃 and the 〃Sack〃 were      originally merely parts of one work containing lays (the      Amazoneia; Aethiopis; Persis; etc。); just as the 〃Iliad〃      contained various lays such as the Diomedeia。 (14) No date is assigned to him; but it seems likely that he was      either contemporary or slightly earlier than Lesches。 (15) Cp。 Allen and Sikes; 〃Homeric Hymns〃 p。 xv。  In the text I      have followed the arrangement of these scholars; numbering      the Hymns to Dionysus and to Demeter; I and II respectively:      to place 〃Demeter〃 after 〃Hermes〃; and the Hymn to Dionysus      at the end of the collection seems to be merely perverse。 (16) 〃Greek Melic Poets〃; p。 165。 (17) This monument was returned to Greece in the 1980's。  DBK。 (18) Cp。 Marckscheffel; 〃Hesiodi fragmenta〃; p。 35。  The papyrus      fragment recovered by Petrie (〃Petrie Papyri〃; ed。 Mahaffy;      p。 70; No。 xxv。) agrees essentially with the extant      document; but differs in numerous minor textual points。


BIBLIOGRAPHY

HESIOD。  The classification and numerations of MSS。 here followed is that of Rzach (1913)。  It is only necessary to add that on the whole the recovery of Hesiodic papyri goes to confirm the authority of the mediaeval MSS。  At the same time these fragments have produced much that is interesting and valuable; such as the new lines; 〃Works and Days〃 169 a…d; and the improved readings ib。 278; 〃Theogony〃 91; 93。  Our chief gains from papyri are the numerous and excellent fragments of the Catalogues which have been recovered。

〃Works and Days〃: 

S    Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1090。 A    Vienna; Rainer Papyri L。P。 21…9 (4th cent。)。 B    Geneva; Naville Papyri Pap。 94 (6th cent。)。 C    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2771 (11th cent。)。 D    Florence; Laur。 xxxi 39 (12th cent。)。 E    Messina; Univ。 Lib。 Preexistens 11 (12th…13th cent。)。 F    Rome; Vatican 38 (14th cent。)。 G    Venice; Marc。 ix 6 (14th cent。)。 H    Florence; Laur。 xxxi 37 (14th cent。)。 I    Florence; Laur。 xxxii 16 (13th cent。)。 K    Florence; Laur。 xxxii 2 (14th cent。)。 L    Milan; Ambros。 G 32 sup。 (14th cent。)。 M    Florence; Bibl。 Riccardiana 71 (15th cent。)。 N    Milan; Ambros。 J 15 sup。 (15th cent。)。 O    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2773 (14th cent。)。 P    Cambridge; Trinity College (Gale MS。); O。9。27 (13th…14th      cent。)。 Q    Rome; Vatican 1332 (14th cent。)。

These MSS。 are divided by Rzach into the following families; issuing from a common original: 

a = C b = F;G;H a = D b = I;K;L;M a = E b = N;O;P;Q


〃Theogony〃: 

N    Manchester; Rylands GK。 Papyri No。 54 (1st cent。 B。C。 … 1st      cent。 A。D。)。 O    Oxyrhynchus Papyri 873 (3rd cent。)。 A    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 Suppl。 Graec。 (papyrus) 1099 (4th…5th      cent。)。 B    London; British Museam clix (4th cent。)。 R    Vienna; Rainer Papyri L。P。 21…9 (4th cent。)。 C    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 Suppl。 Graec。 663 (12th cent。)。 D    Florence; Laur。 xxxii 16 (13th cent。)。 E    Florence; Laur。; Conv。 suppr。 158 (14th cent。)。 F    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2833 (15th cent。)。 G    Rome; Vatican 915 (14th cent。)。 H    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2772 (14th cent。)。 I    Florence; Laur。 xxxi 32 (15th cent。)。 K    Venice; Marc。 ix 6 (15th cent。)。 L    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2708 (15th cent。)。

These MSS。 are divided into two families:

a = C;D b = E;F c = G;H;I  = K;L


〃Shield of Heracles〃: 

P    Oxyrhynchus Papyri 689 (2nd cent。)。 A    Vienna; Rainer Papyri L。P。 21…29 (4th cent。)。 Q    Berlin Papyri; 9774 (1st cent。)。 B    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。; Suppl。 Graec。 663 (12th cent。)。 C    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。; Suppl。 Graec。 663 (12th cent。)。 D    Milan; Ambros。 C 222 (13th cent。)。 E    Florence; Laur。 xxxii 16 (13th cent。)。 F    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2773 (14th cent。)。 G    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2772 (14th cent。)。 H    Florence; Laur。 xxxi 32 (15th cent。)。 I    London; British Museaum Harleianus (14th cent。)。 K    Rome; Bibl。 Casanat。 356 (14th cent。) L    Florence; Laur。 Conv。 suppr。 158 (14th cent。)。 M    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2833 (15th cent。)。

These MSS。 belong to two families:

a = B;C;D;F b = G;H;I a = E b = K;L;M

To these must be added two MSS。 of mixed family:

N    Venice; Marc。 ix 6 (14th cent。)。 O    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2708 (15th cent。)。


Editions of Hesiod: 

Demetrius Chalcondyles; Milan (?) 1493 (?) (〃editio princeps〃;      containing; however; only the 〃Works and Days〃)。 Aldus Manutius (Aldine edition); Venice; 1495 (complete works)。 Juntine Editions; 1515 and 1540。 Trincavelli; Venice; 1537 (with scholia)。

Of modern editions; the following may be noticed: 

Gaisford; Oxford; 1814…1820; Leipzig; 1823 (with scholia: in      Poett。 Graec。 Minn II)。 Goettling; Gotha; 1831 (3rd edition。  Leipzig; 1878)。 Didot Edition; Paris; 1840。 Schomann; 1869。 Koechly and Kinkel; Leipzig; 1870。 Flach; Leipzig; 1874…8。 Rzach; Leipzig; 1902 (larger edition); 1913 (smaller edition)。

On the Hesiodic poems generally the ordinary Histories of Greek Literature may be consulted; but especially the 〃Hist。 de la Litterature Grecque〃 I pp。 459 ff。 of MM。 Croiset。  The summary account in Prof。 Murray's 〃Anc。 Gk。 Lit。〃 is written with a strong sceptical bias。  Very valuable is the appendix to Mair's translation (Oxford; 1908) on 〃The Farmer's Year in Hesiod〃。  Recent work on the Hesiodic poems is reviewed in full by Rzach in Bursian's 〃Jahresberichte〃 vols。 100 (1899) and 152 (1911)。

For the 〃Fragments〃 of Hesiodic poems the work of Markscheffel; 〃Hesiodi Fragmenta〃 (Leipzig; 1840); is most valuable: important also is Kinkel's 〃Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta〃 I (Leipzig; 1877) and the editions of Rzach noticed above。  For recently discovered papyrus fragments see Wilamowitz; 〃Neue Bruchstucke d。 Hesiod Katalog〃 (Sitzungsb。 der k。 preuss。 Akad。 fur Wissenschaft; 1900; pp。 839…851)。  A list of papyri belonging to lost Hesiodic works may here be added: all are the 〃Catalogues〃。

1)   Berlin Papyri 7497 (1) (2nd cent。)。  Frag。 7。 2)   Oxyrhynchus Papyri 421 (2nd cent。)。  Frag。 7。 3)   〃Petrie Papyri〃 iii 3。  Frag。 14。 4)   〃Papiri greci e latine〃; No。 130 (2nd…3rd cent。)。  Frag。      14。 5)   Strassburg Papyri; 55 (2nd cent。)。  Frag。 58。 6)   Berlin Papyri 9739 (2nd cent。)。  Frag。 58。 7)   Berlin Papyri 10560 (3rd cent。)。  Frag。 58。 8)   Berlin Papyri 9777 (4th cent。)。  Frag。 98。 9)   〃Papiri greci e latine〃; No。 131 (2nd…3rd cent。)。  Frag。      99。 10)  Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1358…9。


The Homeric Hymns:  The text of the Homeric hymns is distinctly bad in condition; a fact which may be attributed to the general neglect under which they seem to have laboured at all periods previously to the Revival of Learning。  Very many defects have been corrected by the various editions of the Hymns; but a considerable number still defy all efforts; and especially an abnormal number of undoubted lacuna disfigure the text。  Unfortunately no papyrus fragment of the Hymns has yet emerged; though one such fragment (〃Berl。 Klassikertexte〃 v。1。 pp。 7 ff。) contains a paraphrase of a poem very closely parallel to the 〃Hymn to Demeter〃。

The mediaeval MSS。 (2) are thus enumerated by Dr。 T。W。 Allen: 

A    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2763。 At   Athos; Vatopedi 587。 B    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2765。 C    Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 2833。    Brussels; Bibl。 Royale 11377…11380 (16th cent。)。 D    Milan; Amrbos。 B 98 sup。 E    Modena; Estense iii E 11。 G    Rome; Vatican; Regina 91 (16th cent。)。 H    London; British Mus。 Harley 1752。 J    Modena; Estense; ii B 14。 K    Florence; Laur。 31; 32。 L    Florence; Laur。 32; 45。 L2   Florence; Laur。 70; 35。 L3   Florence; Laur。 32; 4。 M    Leyden (the Moscow MS。) 33 H (14th cent。)。 Mon。 Munich; Royal Lib。 333 c。 N    Leyden; 74 c。 O    Milan; Ambros。 C 10 inf。 P    Rome; Vatican Pal。 graec。 179。  Paris; Bibl。 Nat。 Suppl。 graec。 1095。 Q    Milan; Ambros。 S 31 sup。 R1   Florence; Bibl。 Riccard。 53 K ii 13。 R2   Florence; Bibl。 Riccard。 52 K ii 14。 S    Rome; Vatican; Vaticani graec。 1880。 T    Madrid; Public Library 24。 V    Venice; Marc。 456。

The same scholar has traced all the MSS。 back to a common parent from which three main families are derived (M had a separate d

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