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uss¡¡this¡¡very¡¡obscure¡¡point£»¡¡which¡¡raises¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡question¡¡of¡¡the¡¡supernatural¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡problems¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hereafter¡£¡¡The¡¡only¡¡important¡¡thing¡¡to¡¡observe¡¡is¡¡that¡¡at¡¡one¡¡time¡¡it¡¡is¡¡man¡¡who¡¡transmits¡¡his¡¡terror£»¡¡his¡¡perception¡¡or¡¡his¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡the¡¡invisible¡¡to¡¡the¡¡animal¡¡and¡¡at¡¡another¡¡the¡¡animal¡¡which¡¡transmits¡¡its¡¡sensations¡¡to¡¡man¡£¡¡We¡¡have¡¡here£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡intercommunications¡¡which¡¡spring¡¡from¡¡a¡¡deeper¡¡common¡¡source¡¡than¡¡any¡¡that¡¡we¡¡know¡¡and¡¡which£»¡¡to¡¡issue¡¡from¡¡it¡¡or¡¡go¡¡back¡¡to¡¡it£»¡¡pass¡¡through¡¡other¡¡channels¡¡than¡¡those¡¡of¡¡our¡¡customary¡¡senses¡£¡¡Now¡¡all¡¡this¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡that¡¡unexplained¡¡sensibility£»¡¡to¡¡that¡¡secret¡¡treasure£»¡¡to¡¡that¡¡as¡¡yet¡¡undetermined¡¡psychic¡¡power¡¡which£»¡¡for¡¡lack¡¡of¡¡a¡¡better¡¡term£»¡¡we¡¡call¡¡subconsciousness¡¡or¡¡subliminal¡¡consciousness¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡surprising¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡animals£»¡¡these¡¡subliminal¡¡faculties¡¡not¡¡only¡¡exist£»¡¡but¡¡are¡¡perhaps¡¡keener¡¡and¡¡more¡¡active¡¡than¡¡in¡¡ourselves£»¡¡because¡¡it¡¡is¡¡our¡¡conscious¡¡and¡¡abnormally¡¡individualized¡¡life¡¡that¡¡atrophies¡¡them¡¡by¡¡relegating¡¡them¡¡to¡¡a¡¡state¡¡of¡¡idleness¡¡wherein¡¡they¡¡have¡¡fewer¡¡and¡¡fewer¡¡opportunities¡¡of¡¡being¡¡exercised£»¡¡whereas¡¡in¡¡our¡¡brothers¡¡who¡¡are¡¡less¡¡detached¡¡from¡¡the¡¡universe£»¡¡consciousnessif¡¡we¡¡can¡¡give¡¡that¡¡name¡¡to¡¡a¡¡very¡¡uncertain¡¡and¡¡confused¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡egois¡¡reduced¡¡to¡¡a¡¡few¡¡elementary¡¡actions¡£¡¡They¡¡are¡¡much¡¡less¡¡separated¡¡than¡¡ourselves¡¡from¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡of¡¡the¡¡circumambient¡¡life¡¡and¡¡they¡¡still¡¡possess¡¡a¡¡number¡¡of¡¡those¡¡more¡¡general¡¡and¡¡indeterminate¡¡senses¡¡whereof¡¡we¡¡have¡¡been¡¡deprived¡¡by¡¡the¡¡gradual¡¡encroachment¡¡of¡¡a¡¡narrow¡¡and¡¡intolerant¡¡special¡¡faculty£»¡¡our¡¡intelligence¡£¡¡Among¡¡these¡¡senses¡¡which¡¡up¡¡to¡¡the¡¡present¡¡we¡¡have¡¡described¡¡as¡¡instincts£»¡¡for¡¡wantand¡¡it¡¡is¡¡becoming¡¡a¡¡pressing¡¡wantof¡¡a¡¡more¡¡suitable¡¡and¡¡definite¡¡word£»¡¡need¡¡I¡¡mention¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡direction£»¡¡migration£»¡¡foreknowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡weather£»¡¡of¡¡earthquakes¡¡and¡¡avalanches¡¡and¡¡many¡¡others¡¡which¡¡we¡¡doubtless¡¡do¡¡not¡¡even¡¡suspect£¿¡¡Does¡¡all¡¡this¡¡not¡¡belong¡¡to¡¡a¡¡subconsciousness¡¡which¡¡differs¡¡from¡¡ours¡¡only¡¡in¡¡being¡¡so¡¡much¡¡richer£¿

30

I¡¡am¡¡fully¡¡aware¡¡that¡¡this¡¡explanation¡¡by¡¡means¡¡of¡¡the¡¡subliminal¡¡consciousness¡¡will¡¡not¡¡explain¡¡very¡¡much¡¡and¡¡will¡¡at¡¡most¡¡invoke¡¡the¡¡aid¡¡of¡¡the¡¡unknown¡¡to¡¡illuminate¡¡the¡¡incomprehensible¡£¡¡But¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡a¡¡phenomenon£»¡¡a¡¡Dr¡£¡¡J¡£¡¡de¡¡Modzelwski¡¡very¡¡truly¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨is¡¡to¡¡put¡¡forward¡¡a¡¡theory¡¡which¡¡is¡¡more¡¡familiar¡¡and¡¡more¡¡easily¡¡comprehensible¡¡to¡¡us¡¡than¡¡the¡¡phenomenon¡¡at¡¡issue¡£¡¨¡¡This¡¡is¡¡really¡¡what¡¡we¡¡are¡¡constantly¡¡and¡¡almost¡¡exclusively¡¡doing¡¡in¡¡physics£»¡¡chemistry£»¡¡biology¡¡and¡¡in¡¡every¡¡branch¡¡of¡¡science¡¡without¡¡exception¡£¡¡To¡¡explain¡¡a¡¡phenomenon¡¡is¡¡not¡¡necessarily¡¡to¡¡make¡¡it¡¡as¡¡clear¡¡and¡¡lucid¡¡as¡¡that¡¡two¡¡and¡¡two¡¡are¡¡four£»¡¡and£»¡¡even¡¡so£»¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡two¡¡and¡¡two¡¡are¡¡four¡¡is¡¡not£»¡¡when¡¡we¡¡go¡¡to¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡things£»¡¡as¡¡clear¡¡and¡¡lucid¡¡as¡¡it¡¡seems¡£¡¡What¡¡in¡¡this¡¡case£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡most¡¡others£»¡¡we¡¡wrongfully¡¡call¡¡explaining¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡confronting¡¡the¡¡unexpected¡¡mystery¡¡which¡¡these¡¡horses¡¡offer¡¡us¡¡with¡¡a¡¡few¡¡phenomena¡¡which¡¡are¡¡themselves¡¡unknown£»¡¡but¡¡which¡¡have¡¡been¡¡perceived¡¡longer¡¡and¡¡more¡¡frequently¡£¡¡And¡¡this¡¡same¡¡mystery£»¡¡thus¡¡explained£»¡¡will¡¡serve¡¡one¡¡day¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡others¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡in¡¡this¡¡way¡¡that¡¡science¡¡goes¡¡to¡¡work¡£¡¡We¡¡must¡¡not¡¡blame¡¡it£º¡¡it¡¡does¡¡what¡¡it¡¡can£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡does¡¡not¡¡appear¡¡that¡¡there¡¡are¡¡other¡¡ways¡£

31

If¡¡we¡¡assent¡¡to¡¡this¡¡explanation¡¡by¡¡means¡¡of¡¡the¡¡subliminal¡¡consciousness£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡mysterious¡¡participation¡¡in¡¡all¡¡that¡¡happens¡¡in¡¡this¡¡world¡¡and¡¡the¡¡others£»¡¡many¡¡obstacles¡¡disappear¡¡and¡¡we¡¡enter¡¡into¡¡a¡¡new¡¡region¡¡in¡¡which¡¡we¡¡draw¡¡strangely¡¡nearer¡¡to¡¡the¡¡animals¡¡and¡¡really¡¡become¡¡their¡¡brothers¡¡by¡¡closer¡¡links£»¡¡perhaps¡¡the¡¡only¡¡essential¡¡links¡¡in¡¡life¡£¡¡They¡¡take¡¡part¡¡from¡¡that¡¡moment¡¡in¡¡the¡¡great¡¡human¡¡problems£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡extraordinary¡¡actions¡¡of¡¡our¡¡unknown¡¡guest£»¡¡and£»¡¡if£»¡¡since¡¡we¡¡have¡¡been¡¡observing¡¡the¡¡indwelling¡¡force¡¡more¡¡attentively£»¡¡nothing¡¡any¡¡longer¡¡surprises¡¡us¡¡of¡¡that¡¡which¡¡it¡¡realizes¡¡in¡¡us£»¡¡no¡¡more¡¡should¡¡anything¡¡surprise¡¡us¡¡of¡¡that¡¡which¡¡it¡¡realizes¡¡in¡¡them¡£¡¡We¡¡are¡¡on¡¡the¡¡same¡¡plane¡¡with¡¡them£»¡¡in¡¡some¡¡as¡¡yet¡¡undetermined¡¡element£»¡¡when¡¡it¡¡is¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡the¡¡intelligence¡¡that¡¡reigns¡¡alone£»¡¡but¡¡another¡¡spiritual¡¡power£»¡¡which¡¡pays¡¡no¡¡heed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡brain£»¡¡which¡¡passes¡¡by¡¡other¡¡roads¡¡and¡¡which¡¡might¡¡rather¡¡be¡¡the¡¡psychic¡¡substance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡universe¡¡itself£»¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡set¡¡in¡¡grooves£»¡¡isolated¡¡and¡¡specialized¡¡by¡¡man£»¡¡but¡¡diffused£»¡¡multiform¡¡and¡¡perhaps£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡could¡¡trace¡¡it£»¡¡equal¡¡in¡¡everything¡¡that¡¡exists¡£

There¡¡is£»¡¡henceforth£»¡¡no¡¡reason¡¡why¡¡the¡¡horses¡¡should¡¡not¡¡participate¡¡in¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mediumistic£»¡¡phenomena¡¡which¡¡we¡¡find¡¡existing¡¡between¡¡man¡¡and¡¡man£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡mystery¡¡ceases¡¡to¡¡be¡¡distinct¡¡from¡¡those¡¡of¡¡human¡¡metaphysics¡£¡¡If¡¡their¡¡subliminal¡¡is¡¡akin¡¡to¡¡ours£»¡¡we¡¡can¡¡begin¡¡by¡¡extending¡¡to¡¡its¡¡utmost¡¡limits¡¡the¡¡telepathic¡¡theory£»¡¡which¡¡has£»¡¡so¡¡to¡¡speak£»¡¡no¡¡limits£»¡¡for£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡telepathy£»¡¡as¡¡Myers¡¡has¡¡said£»¡¡all¡¡that¡¡we¡¡are¡¡permitted¡¡to¡¡declare¡¡is¡¡that¡¡¡¨life¡¡has¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡manifesting¡¡itself¡¡to¡¡life¡£¡¨¡¡We¡¡may¡¡ask¡¡ourselves£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡which¡¡I¡¡set¡¡to¡¡the¡¡horse£»¡¡without¡¡knowing¡¡the¡¡terms¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡is¡¡not¡¡communicated¡¡to¡¡my¡¡subliminal£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡ignorant¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡by¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡horse£»¡¡who¡¡has¡¡read¡¡it¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡practically¡¡certain¡¡that¡¡this¡¡is¡¡possible¡¡between¡¡human¡¡subliminals¡£¡¡Is¡¡it¡¡I¡¡who¡¡see¡¡the¡¡solution¡¡and¡¡transmit¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡horse£»¡¡who¡¡only¡¡repeats¡¡it¡¡to¡¡me£¿¡¡But£»¡¡suppose¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡problem¡¡which¡¡I¡¡myself¡¡am¡¡incapable¡¡of¡¡solving£¿¡¡Whence¡¡does¡¡the¡¡solution¡¡come£»¡¡then£¿¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡know¡¡if¡¡the¡¡experiment¡¡has¡¡been¡¡attempted£»¡¡under¡¡the¡¡same¡¡conditions£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡human¡¡medium¡£¡¡For¡¡that¡¡matter£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡succeeded£»¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡very¡¡much¡¡the¡¡same¡¡as¡¡the¡¡no¡¡less¡¡subliminal¡¡phenomenon¡¡of¡¡the¡¡arithmetical¡¡prodigies£»¡¡or¡¡lightning¡¡calculators£»¡¡with¡¡which£»¡¡in¡¡this¡¡rather¡¡superhuman¡¡atmosphere£»¡¡we¡¡are¡¡almost¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡compare¡¡the¡¡riddle¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mathematical¡¡horses¡£¡¡Of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡interpretations£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡one¡¡which£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡moment£»¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡me¡¡the¡¡least¡¡eccentric¡¡and¡¡the¡¡most¡¡natural¡£

We¡¡have¡¡seen¡¡that¡¡the¡¡gift¡¡of¡¡handling¡¡colossal¡¡figures¡¡is¡¡almost¡¡foreign¡¡to¡¡the¡¡intelligence¡¡proper£»¡¡one¡¡can£»¡¡even¡¡declare¡¡that£»¡¡in¡¡certain¡¡cases£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡evidently¡¡and¡¡completely¡¡independent¡¡of¡¡such¡¡intelligence¡£¡¡In¡¡these¡¡cases£»¡¡the¡¡gift¡¡is¡¡manifested¡¡prior¡¡to¡¡any¡¡education¡¡and¡¡from¡¡the¡¡earliest¡¡years¡¡of¡¡childhood¡£¡¡If¡¡we¡¡refer¡¡to¡¡the¡¡list¡¡of¡¡arithmetical¡¡prodigies¡¡given¡¡by¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Scripure£»£§1£§¡¡we¡¡see¡¡that¡¡the¡¡faculty¡¡made¡¡its¡¡appearance¡¡in¡¡Ampere¡¡at¡¡the¡¡age¡¡of¡¡three£»¡¡in¡¡Colburn¡¡at¡¡six£»¡¡in¡¡Gauss¡¡at¡¡three£»¡¡in¡¡Mangiamele¡¡at¡¡ten£»¡¡in¡¡Safford¡¡at¡¡six£»¡¡in¡¡Whateley¡¡at¡¡three£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡on¡£¡¡Generally£»¡¡it¡¡lasts¡¡for¡¡only¡¡a¡¡few¡¡years£»¡¡becoming¡¡rapidly¡¡enfeebled¡¡with¡¡age¡¡and¡¡usually¡¡vanishing¡¡suddenly¡¡at¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡when¡¡its¡¡possessor¡¡begins¡¡to¡¡go¡¡to¡¡school¡£

£§1£§¡¡American¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Psychology£»¡¡1¡¡April¡¡1891¡£


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32

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