Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > the unknown guest >

µÚ26½Ú

the unknown guest-µÚ26½Ú

С˵£º the unknown guest ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



l¡¡strive¡¡presentlyand¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡vainlyto¡¡dispel¡¡the¡¡grosser¡¡darkness¡£¡¡But£»¡¡whatever¡¡interpretation¡¡we¡¡adopt£»¡¡we¡¡are¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡recognize¡¡that¡¡it¡¡plunges¡¡us¡¡into¡¡a¡¡mystery¡¡which¡¡is¡¡equally¡¡profound¡¡and¡¡equally¡¡astonishing¡¡on¡¡either¡¡side£»¡¡one¡¡directly¡¡related¡¡to¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡mysteries¡¡that¡¡overwhelm¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡open¡¡to¡¡us¡¡to¡¡accept¡¡it¡¡with¡¡resignation¡¡or¡¡rejoicing£»¡¡according¡¡as¡¡we¡¡prefer¡¡to¡¡live¡¡in¡¡a¡¡world¡¡wherein¡¡everything¡¡is¡¡within¡¡the¡¡reach¡¡of¡¡our¡¡intelligence¡¡or¡¡a¡¡world¡¡wherein¡¡everything¡¡is¡¡incomprehensible¡£

As¡¡for¡¡Krall£»¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡doubt¡¡for¡¡an¡¡instant¡¡that¡¡his¡¡horses¡¡solve¡¡for¡¡themselves£»¡¡without¡¡any¡¡assistance£»¡¡without¡¡any¡¡outside¡¡influence£»¡¡simply¡¡by¡¡their¡¡own¡¡mental¡¡powers£»¡¡the¡¡most¡¡arduous¡¡problems¡¡set¡¡them¡£¡¡He¡¡is¡¡persuaded¡¡that¡¡they¡¡understand¡¡what¡¡is¡¡said¡¡to¡¡them¡¡and¡¡what¡¡they¡¡say£»¡¡in¡¡short£»¡¡that¡¡their¡¡brain¡¡and¡¡their¡¡will¡¡perform¡¡exactly¡¡the¡¡same¡¡functions¡¡as¡¡a¡¡human¡¡brain¡¡and¡¡will¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡certain¡¡that¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡prove¡¡him¡¡right¡¡and¡¡that¡¡his¡¡opinion¡¡carries¡¡way¡¡great¡¡weight£»¡¡for£»¡¡after¡¡all£»¡¡he¡¡knows¡¡his¡¡horses¡¡better¡¡than¡¡any¡¡one¡¡does£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡beheld¡¡the¡¡birth¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡the¡¡awakening¡¡of¡¡that¡¡dormant¡¡intelligence£»¡¡even¡¡as¡¡a¡¡mother¡¡beholds¡¡the¡¡birth¡¡or¡¡the¡¡awakening¡¡of¡¡intelligence¡¡in¡¡her¡¡child£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡perceived¡¡its¡¡first¡¡gropings£»¡¡known¡¡its¡¡first¡¡resistance¡¡and¡¡its¡¡first¡¡triumphs£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡watched¡¡it¡¡taking¡¡shape£»¡¡breaking¡¡away¡¡and¡¡gradually¡¡rising¡¡to¡¡the¡¡point¡¡at¡¡which¡¡it¡¡stands¡¡to¡­day£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡word£»¡¡he¡¡is¡¡the¡¡father¡¡and¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡and¡¡sole¡¡perpetual¡¡witness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡miracle¡£

19¡¡

Yes£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡miracle¡¡comes¡¡as¡¡such¡¡a¡¡surprise¡¡that£»¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡we¡¡set¡¡foot¡¡in¡¡it£»¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡instinctive¡¡aberration¡¡seizes¡¡us£»¡¡refusing¡¡to¡¡accept¡¡the¡¡evidence¡¡and¡¡compelling¡¡us¡¡to¡¡search¡¡in¡¡every¡¡direction¡¡to¡¡see¡¡if¡¡there¡¡is¡¡not¡¡another¡¡outlet¡£¡¡Even¡¡in¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡those¡¡astounding¡¡horses¡¡and¡¡while¡¡they¡¡are¡¡working¡¡before¡¡our¡¡eyes£»¡¡we¡¡do¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡sincerely¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡which¡¡fills¡¡and¡¡subdues¡¡our¡¡gaze¡£¡¡We¡¡accept¡¡the¡¡facts£»¡¡because¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡means¡¡of¡¡escaping¡¡them£»¡¡but¡¡we¡¡accept¡¡them¡¡only¡¡provisionally¡¡and¡¡with¡¡all¡¡reserve£»¡¡putting¡¡off¡¡till¡¡later¡¡the¡¡comfortable¡¡explanation¡¡which¡¡will¡¡give¡¡us¡¡back¡¡our¡¡familiar£»¡¡shallow¡¡certainties¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡explanation¡¡does¡¡not¡¡come£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡none¡¡in¡¡the¡¡homely¡¡and¡¡not¡¡very¡¡lofty¡¡regions¡¡wherein¡¡we¡¡hoped¡¡to¡¡find¡¡one£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡neither¡¡fault¡¡nor¡¡flaw¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mighty¡¡evidence£»¡¡and¡¡nothing¡¡delivers¡¡us¡¡from¡¡the¡¡mystery¡£

It¡¡must¡¡be¡¡confessed¡¡that¡¡this¡¡mystery£»¡¡springing¡¡from¡¡a¡¡point¡¡where¡¡we¡¡least¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡come¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡unknown£»¡¡bears¡¡enough¡¡within¡¡itself¡¡to¡¡scatter¡¡all¡¡our¡¡convictions¡£¡¡Remember¡¡that£»¡¡since¡¡man¡¡appeared¡¡upon¡¡this¡¡earth£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡lived¡¡among¡¡creatures¡¡which£»¡¡from¡¡immemorial¡¡experience£»¡¡he¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡he¡¡knew¡¡as¡¡perfectly¡¡as¡¡he¡¡knows¡¡an¡¡object¡¡fashioned¡¡by¡¡his¡¡hands¡£¡¡Out¡¡of¡¡these¡¡creatures¡¡he¡¡chose¡¡the¡¡most¡¡docile¡¡and£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡called¡¡them£»¡¡the¡¡most¡¡intelligent£»¡¡attaching¡¡in¡¡this¡¡case¡¡to¡¡the¡¡word¡¡intelligence¡¡a¡¡sense¡¡so¡¡narrow¡¡as¡¡to¡¡be¡¡almost¡¡ridiculous¡£¡¡He¡¡observed¡¡them£»¡¡scrutinized¡¡them£»¡¡tried¡¡them£»¡¡analyzed¡¡them¡¡and¡¡dissected¡¡them¡¡in¡¡every¡¡imaginable¡¡way£»¡¡and¡¡whole¡¡lives¡¡were¡¡devoted¡¡to¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡the¡¡study¡¡of¡¡their¡¡habits£»¡¡their¡¡faculties£»¡¡their¡¡nervous¡¡system£»¡¡their¡¡pathology£»¡¡their¡¡psychology£»¡¡their¡¡instincts¡£¡¡All¡¡this¡¡led¡¡to¡¡certainties¡¡which£»¡¡among¡¡those¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡our¡¡unexplained¡¡little¡¡existence¡¡on¡¡an¡¡inexplicable¡¡planet£»¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡least¡¡doubtful£»¡¡the¡¡least¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡revision¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡disputing£»¡¡for¡¡instance£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡horse¡¡is¡¡gifted¡¡with¡¡an¡¡extraordinary¡¡memory£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡possesses¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡direction£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡understands¡¡a¡¡few¡¡signs¡¡and¡¡even¡¡a¡¡few¡¡words¡¡and¡¡that¡¡he¡¡obeys¡¡them¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡equally¡¡undeniable¡¡that¡¡the¡¡anthropoid¡¡apes¡¡are¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡imitating¡¡a¡¡great¡¡number¡¡of¡¡our¡¡actions¡¡and¡¡of¡¡our¡¡attitudes£º¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡also¡¡manifest¡¡that¡¡their¡¡bewildered¡¡and¡¡feverish¡¡imagination¡¡perceives¡¡neither¡¡their¡¡object¡¡nor¡¡their¡¡scope¡£¡¡As¡¡for¡¡the¡¡dog£»¡¡the¡¡one¡¡of¡¡all¡¡these¡¡privileged¡¡animals¡¡who¡¡lives¡¡closest¡¡to¡¡us£»¡¡who¡¡for¡¡thousands¡¡and¡¡thousands¡¡of¡¡years¡¡has¡¡eaten¡¡at¡¡our¡¡table¡¡and¡¡worked¡¡with¡¡us¡¡and¡¡been¡¡our¡¡friend£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡manifest¡¡that£»¡¡now¡¡and¡¡then£»¡¡we¡¡catch¡¡a¡¡rather¡¡uncanny¡¡gleam¡¡in¡¡his¡¡deep£»¡¡watchful¡¡eyes¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡certain¡¡that¡¡he¡¡sometimes¡¡wanders¡¡in¡¡a¡¡curious¡¡fashion¡¡along¡¡the¡¡mysterious¡¡border¡¡that¡¡separates¡¡our¡¡own¡¡intelligence¡¡from¡¡that¡¡which¡¡we¡¡grant¡¡to¡¡the¡¡other¡¡creatures¡¡inhabiting¡¡this¡¡earth¡¡with¡¡us¡£¡¡But¡¡it¡¡is¡¡no¡¡less¡¡certain¡¡that¡¡he¡¡has¡¡never¡¡definitely¡¡passed¡¡it¡£¡¡We¡¡know¡¡exactly¡¡how¡¡far¡¡he¡¡can¡¡go£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡have¡¡invariably¡¡found¡¡that¡¡our¡¡efforts£»¡¡our¡¡patience£»¡¡our¡¡encouragement£»¡¡our¡¡passionate¡¡appeals£»¡¡have¡¡hitherto¡¡failed¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡him¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡somewhat¡¡narrow£»¡¡darkly¡¡enchanted¡¡circle¡¡wherein¡¡nature¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡imprisoned¡¡him¡¡once¡¡and¡¡for¡¡all¡£

20

There¡¡remains£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡true£»¡¡the¡¡insect¡­world£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡marvellous¡¡things¡¡happen¡£¡¡It¡¡includes¡¡architects£»¡¡geometricians£»¡¡mechanicians£»¡¡engineers£»¡¡weavers£»¡¡physicists£»¡¡chemists¡¡and¡¡surgeons¡¡who¡¡have¡¡forestalled¡¡most¡¡of¡¡our¡¡human¡¡inventions¡£¡¡I¡¡need¡¡not¡¡here¡¡remind¡¡the¡¡reader¡¡of¡¡the¡¡wasps'¡¡and¡¡bees'¡¡genius¡¡for¡¡building£»¡¡the¡¡social¡¡and¡¡economic¡¡organization¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hive¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ant¡­hill£»¡¡the¡¡spider's¡¡snares£»¡¡the¡¡eumenes'¡¡nest¡¡and¡¡hanging¡¡egg£»¡¡the¡¡odynerus'¡¡cell¡¡with¡¡its¡¡neat¡¡stacks¡¡of¡¡game£»¡¡the¡¡sacred¡¡beetle's¡¡filthy¡¡but¡¡ingenius¡¡ball£»¡¡the¡¡leafcutter's¡¡faultless¡¡disks£»¡¡the¡¡brick¡­laying¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mason¡­bee£»¡¡the¡¡three¡¡dagger¡­thrusts¡¡which¡¡the¡¡aphex¡¡administers¡¡to¡¡the¡¡three¡¡nerve¡­centres¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cricket£»¡¡the¡¡lancet¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cerceris£»¡¡who¡¡paralyses¡¡her¡¡victims¡¡without¡¡killing¡¡them¡¡and¡¡preserves¡¡them¡¡for¡¡an¡¡indefinite¡¡period¡¡as¡¡fresh¡¡meat£»¡¡nor¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡other¡¡features¡¡which¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡impossible¡¡to¡¡enumerate¡¡without¡¡recapitulating¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡of¡¡Henri¡¡Fabre's¡¡work¡¡and¡¡completely¡¡altering¡¡the¡¡proportions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡present¡¡essay¡£¡¡But¡¡here¡¡such¡¡silence¡¡and¡¡such¡¡darkness¡¡reign¡¡that¡¡we¡¡have¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡hope¡¡for¡£¡¡There¡¡exists£»¡¡so¡¡to¡¡speak£»¡¡no¡¡bench¡­mark£»¡¡no¡¡means¡¡of¡¡communication¡¡between¡¡the¡¡world¡¡of¡¡insects¡¡and¡¡our¡¡own£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡are¡¡perhaps¡¡less¡¡far¡¡from¡¡grasping¡¡and¡¡fathoming¡¡what¡¡takes¡¡place¡¡in¡¡Saturn¡¡or¡¡Jupiter¡¡than¡¡what¡¡is¡¡enacted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ant¡­hill¡¡or¡¡the¡¡hive¡£¡¡We¡¡know¡¡absolutely¡¡nothing¡¡of¡¡the¡¡quality£»¡¡the¡¡number£»¡¡the¡¡extent¡¡or¡¡even¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡their¡¡senses¡£¡¡Many¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡laws¡¡on¡¡which¡¡our¡¡life¡¡is¡¡based¡¡do¡¡not¡¡exist¡¡for¡¡them£º¡¡those£»¡¡for¡¡instance£»¡¡which¡¡govern¡¡fluids¡¡are¡¡completely¡¡reversed¡£¡¡They¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡inhabit¡¡our¡¡planet£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡reality¡¡move¡¡in¡¡an¡¡entirely¡¡different¡¡world¡£¡¡Understanding¡¡nothing¡¡of¡¡their¡¡intelligence¡¡pierced¡¡with¡¡disconcerting¡¡gaps£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡blindest¡¡stupidity¡¡suddenly¡¡comes¡¡and¡¡destroys¡¡the¡¡ablest¡¡and¡¡most¡¡inspired¡¡schemes£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡given¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡instinct¡¡to¡¡that¡¡which¡¡we¡¡could¡¡not¡¡apprehend£»¡¡postponing¡¡our¡¡interpretation¡¡of¡¡a¡¡word¡¡that¡¡touches¡¡upon¡¡life's¡¡most¡¡insoluble¡¡riddles¡£¡¡There¡¡is£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡point¡¡of¡¡view¡¡of¡¡the¡¡intellectual¡¡faculties£»¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡be¡¡gathered¡¡from¡¡those¡¡extraordinary¡¡creatures¡¡who¡¡are¡¡not£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡other¡¡animals£»¡¡our¡¡¡¨lesser¡¡brothers£»¡¨¡¡but¡¡strangers£»¡¡aliens¡¡from¡¡we¡¡know¡¡not¡¡where£»¡¡survivors¡¡or¡¡percursors¡¡of¡¡another¡¡world¡£

21

We¡¡were¡¡at¡¡this¡¡stage£»¡¡slumbering¡¡peacefully¡¡in¡¡our¡¡long¡­established¡¡convictions£»¡¡when¡¡a¡¡man¡¡entered¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡scene¡¡and¡¡suddenly¡¡showed¡¡us¡¡that¡¡we¡¡were¡¡wrong¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡for¡¡long¡¡centuries£»¡¡we¡¡had¡¡over¡¡looked¡¡a¡¡truth¡¡which¡¡was¡¡scarcely¡¡even¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡a¡¡very¡¡thin¡¡veil¡£¡¡And¡¡the¡¡strangest¡¡thing¡¡is¡¡that¡¡this¡¡astonishing¡¡discovery£»¡¡is¡¡in¡¡no¡¡wise¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡consequence¡¡of¡¡a¡¡new¡¡invention£»¡¡of¡¡processes¡¡or¡¡methods¡¡hitherto¡¡unknown¡£¡¡It¡¡owes¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡latest¡¡acquirements¡¡of¡¡our¡¡knowledge¡£¡¡It¡¡springs¡¡from¡¡the¡¡humblest¡¡idea¡¡which¡¡the¡¡most¡¡primitive¡¡man¡¡might¡¡have¡¡conceived¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡days¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth's¡¡existence¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡having¡¡a¡¡little¡¡more¡¡patience£»¡¡confidence¡¡and¡¡respect¡¡for¡¡all¡¡that¡¡which¡¡shares¡¡our¡¡lot¡¡in¡¡a¡¡world¡¡whereof¡¡we¡¡know¡¡none¡¡of¡¡the¡¡purposes¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡having¡¡a¡¡little¡¡less¡¡pride¡¡and¡¡of¡¡looking¡¡a¡¡little¡¡more¡¡fraternally¡¡upon¡¡existences¡¡that¡¡are¡¡much¡¡more¡¡fraternal¡¡than¡¡we¡¡believed¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡secret¡¡about¡¡the¡¡almost¡¡puerile¡¡ingenuousness¡¡of¡¡Von¡¡Osten's¡¡methods¡¡and¡¡Krall's¡£¡¡They¡¡start¡¡with¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡that¡¡the¡¡horse¡¡is¡¡an¡¡ignorant¡¡but¡¡intelligent¡¡child£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡treat¡¡him¡¡as¡¡such¡£¡¡They¡¡speak£»¡¡explain£»¡¡demonstrate£»¡¡argue¡¡and¡¡mete¡¡out¡¡rewards¡¡or¡¡punishments¡¡like¡¡a¡¡schoolmaster¡¡addressing¡¡little¡¡boys¡¡of¡¡five¡¡or¡¡six¡£¡¡They¡¡begin¡¡by¡¡placing¡¡a¡¡few¡¡skittle¡­pins¡¡in¡¡front¡¡of¡¡their¡¡strange¡¡pupil¡£¡¡They¡¡count¡¡them¡¡and¡¡make¡¡him¡¡count¡¡them¡¡by¡¡alternately¡¡lifting¡¡and¡¡lowering¡¡the¡¡horse's¡¡hoof¡£¡¡He¡¡thus¡¡obtains¡¡his¡¡first¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡numbers¡£¡¡They¡¡next¡¡add¡¡one¡¡or¡¡two¡¡more¡¡skittles¡¡and¡¡say£»¡¡for¡¡instance£º

¡¨Three¡¡skittles¡¡and¡¡two¡¡skittles¡¡are¡¡five¡¡skittles¡£¡¨

In¡¡this¡¡way£»¡¡they¡¡explain¡¡and¡¡teach¡¡addition£»¡¡next£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡reverse¡¡process£»¡¡subtraction£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡multiplication£»¡¡division¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡rest¡£

At¡¡the¡¡beginning£»¡¡the¡¡lessons¡¡are¡¡extremely¡¡laborious¡¡and¡¡demand¡¡an¡¡untiring¡¡and¡¡loving¡¡patience£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡secret¡¡of¡¡the¡¡miracle¡£¡¡But£»¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡the¡¡first¡¡barrier¡¡of¡¡darkness¡¡is¡¡passed£»¡¡the¡¡progress¡¡becomes¡¡bewilderingly¡¡rapid¡£

All¡¡this¡¡is¡¡incontestable£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡are¡¡there£»¡¡before¡¡which¡¡we¡¡must¡¡need¡¡bow¡£¡¡But¡¡what¡¡upsets¡¡all¡¡our¡¡convictions¡¡or£»¡¡more¡¡correctly£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡prejudices¡¡which¡¡thousands¡¡of¡¡years¡¡have¡¡made¡¡as¡¡invincible¡¡as¡¡axioms£»¡¡what¡¡we¡¡do¡¡not¡¡succeed¡¡in¡¡understanding¡¡is¡¡that¡¡the¡¡horse¡¡at¡¡once¡¡unders

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ