Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > the city of the sun >

µÚ7½Ú

the city of the sun-µÚ7½Ú

С˵£º the city of the sun ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



the¡¡men¡¡forming¡¡the¡¡phalanx¡¡with¡¡their¡¡spears£»¡¡then¡¡the¡¡archers
for¡¡whose¡¡services¡¡a¡¡great¡¡price¡¡is¡¡paid£»¡¡and¡¡who¡¡are¡¡accus¡­
tomed¡¡to¡¡fight¡¡in¡¡lines¡¡crossing¡¡one¡¡another¡¡as¡¡the¡¡threads¡¡of
cloth£»¡¡some¡¡rushing¡¡forward¡¡in¡¡their¡¡turn¡¡and¡¡others¡¡receding¡£
They¡¡have¡¡a¡¡band¡¡of¡¡lancers¡¡strengthening¡¡the¡¡line¡¡of¡¡battle£»
but¡¡they¡¡make¡¡trial¡¡of¡¡the¡¡swords¡¡only¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡After¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡they¡¡celebrate¡¡the¡¡military¡¡triumphs¡¡after¡¡the
manner¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Romans£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡in¡¡a¡¡more¡¡magnificent¡¡way¡£
Prayers¡¡by¡¡the¡¡way¡¡of¡¡thank¡­offerings¡¡are¡¡made¡¡to¡¡God£»¡¡and
then¡¡the¡¡general¡¡presents¡¡himself¡¡in¡¡the¡¡temple£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡deeds£»
good¡¡and¡¡bad£»¡¡are¡¡related¡¡by¡¡the¡¡poet¡¡or¡¡historian£»¡¡who¡¡accord¡­
ing¡¡to¡¡custom¡¡was¡¡with¡¡the¡¡expedition¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡chief£»
Hoh£»¡¡crowns¡¡the¡¡general¡¡with¡¡laurel¡¡and¡¡distributes¡¡little¡¡gifts
and¡¡honors¡¡to¡¡all¡¡the¡¡valorous¡¡soldiers£»¡¡who¡¡are¡¡for¡¡some¡¡days
free¡¡from¡¡public¡¡duties¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡this¡¡exemption¡¡from¡¡work¡¡is¡¡by
no¡¡means¡¡pleasing¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡since¡¡they¡¡know¡¡not¡¡what¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be
at¡¡leisure£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡they¡¡help¡¡their¡¡companions¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other
hand£»¡¡they¡¡who¡¡have¡¡been¡¡conquered¡¡through¡¡their¡¡own¡¡fault£»
or¡¡have¡¡lost¡¡the¡¡victory£»¡¡are¡¡blamed£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡who¡¡were¡¡the¡¡first
to¡¡take¡¡to¡¡flight¡¡are¡¡in¡¡no¡¡way¡¡worthy¡¡to¡¡escape¡¡death£»¡¡unless
when¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡army¡¡asks¡¡their¡¡lives£»¡¡and¡¡each¡¡one¡¡takes¡¡upon
himself¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡their¡¡punishment¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡this¡¡indulgence¡¡is
rarely¡¡granted£»¡¡except¡¡when¡¡there¡¡are¡¡good¡¡reasons¡¡favoring¡¡it¡£
But¡¡he¡¡who¡¡did¡¡not¡¡bear¡¡help¡¡to¡¡an¡¡ally¡¡or¡¡friend¡¡is¡¡beaten¡¡with
rods¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡one¡¡who¡¡did¡¡not¡¡obey¡¡orders¡¡is¡¡given¡¡to¡¡the¡¡beasts£»
in¡¡an¡¡enclosure£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡devoured£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡staff¡¡is¡¡put¡¡in¡¡his¡¡hand£»
and¡¡if¡¡he¡¡should¡¡conquer¡¡the¡¡lions¡¡and¡¡the¡¡bears¡¡that¡¡are¡¡there£»
which¡¡is¡¡almost¡¡impossible£»¡¡he¡¡is¡¡received¡¡into¡¡favor¡¡again¡£
The¡¡conquered¡¡States¡¡or¡¡those¡¡willingly¡¡delivered¡¡up¡¡to¡¡them£»
forthwith¡¡have¡¡all¡¡things¡¡in¡¡common£»¡¡and¡¡receive¡¡a¡¡garrison
and¡¡magistrates¡¡from¡¡the¡¡City¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Sun£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡degrees¡¡they
are¡¡accustomed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡ways¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city£»¡¡the¡¡mistress¡¡of¡¡all£»¡¡to
which¡¡they¡¡even¡¡send¡¡their¡¡sons¡¡to¡¡be¡¡taught¡¡without¡¡contribut¡­
ing¡¡anything¡¡for¡¡expense¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡would¡¡be¡¡too¡¡great¡¡trouble¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡you¡¡about¡¡the¡¡spies¡¡and
their¡¡master£»¡¡and¡¡about¡¡the¡¡guards¡¡and¡¡laws¡¡and¡¡ceremonies£»
both¡¡within¡¡and¡¡without¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡which¡¡you¡¡can¡¡of¡¡yourself
imagine¡£¡¡¡¡Since¡¡from¡¡childhood¡¡they¡¡are¡¡chosen¡¡according¡¡to
their¡¡inclination¡¡and¡¡the¡¡star¡¡under¡¡which¡¡they¡¡were¡¡born£»
therefore¡¡each¡¡one¡¡working¡¡according¡¡to¡¡his¡¡natural¡¡propensity
does¡¡his¡¡duty¡¡well¡¡and¡¡pleasantly£»¡¡because¡¡naturally¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡same
things¡¡I¡¡may¡¡say¡¡concerning¡¡strategy¡¡and¡¡the¡¡other¡¡functions¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡are¡¡guards¡¡in¡¡the¡¡city¡¡by¡¡day¡¡and¡¡by¡¡night£»¡¡and¡¡they
are¡¡placed¡¡at¡¡the¡¡four¡¡gates£»¡¡and¡¡outside¡¡the¡¡walls¡¡of¡¡the¡¡seventh
ring£»¡¡above¡¡the¡¡breastworks¡¡and¡¡towers¡¡and¡¡inside¡¡mounds¡£
These¡¡places¡¡are¡¡guarded¡¡in¡¡the¡¡day¡¡by¡¡women£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡night¡¡by
men¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡lest¡¡the¡¡guard¡¡should¡¡become¡¡weary¡¡of¡¡watching£»
and¡¡in¡¡case¡¡of¡¡a¡¡surprise£»¡¡they¡¡change¡¡them¡¡every¡¡three¡¡hours£»
as¡¡is¡¡the¡¡custom¡¡with¡¡our¡¡soldiers¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡sunset£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡drum
and¡¡symphonia¡¡sound£»¡¡the¡¡armed¡¡guards¡¡are¡¡distributed¡£¡¡¡¡Cav¡­
alry¡¡and¡¡infantry¡¡make¡¡use¡¡of¡¡hunting¡¡as¡¡the¡¡symbol¡¡of¡¡war
and¡¡practise¡¡games¡¡and¡¡hold¡¡festivities¡¡in¡¡the¡¡plains¡£¡¡¡¡Then
the¡¡music¡¡strikes¡¡up£»¡¡and¡¡freely¡¡they¡¡pardon¡¡the¡¡offences¡¡and
faults¡¡of¡¡the¡¡enemy£»¡¡and¡¡after¡¡the¡¡victories¡¡they¡¡are¡¡kind¡¡to
them£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡has¡¡been¡¡decreed¡¡that¡¡they¡¡should¡¡destroy¡¡the¡¡walls
of¡¡the¡¡enemy's¡¡city¡¡and¡¡take¡¡their¡¡lives¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡these¡¡things¡¡are
done¡¡on¡¡the¡¡same¡¡day¡¡as¡¡the¡¡victory£»¡¡and¡¡afterward¡¡they¡¡never
cease¡¡to¡¡load¡¡the¡¡conquered¡¡with¡¡favors£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡say¡¡that¡¡there
ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡no¡¡fighting£»¡¡except¡¡when¡¡the¡¡conquerors¡¡give¡¡up¡¡the
conquered£»¡¡not¡¡when¡¡they¡¡kill¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡dispute
among¡¡them¡¡concerning¡¡injury¡¡or¡¡any¡¡other¡¡matter¡¡£¨for¡¡they
themselves¡¡scarcely¡¡ever¡¡contend¡¡except¡¡in¡¡matters¡¡of¡¡honor£©£»
the¡¡chief¡¡and¡¡his¡¡magistrates¡¡chastise¡¡the¡¡accused¡¡one¡¡secretly£»
if¡¡he¡¡has¡¡done¡¡harm¡¡in¡¡deeds¡¡after¡¡he¡¡has¡¡been¡¡first¡¡angry¡£¡¡¡¡If
they¡¡wait¡¡until¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡for¡¡the¡¡verbal¡¡decision£»
they¡¡must¡¡give¡¡vent¡¡to¡¡their¡¡anger¡¡against¡¡the¡¡enemy£»¡¡and¡¡he
who¡¡in¡¡battle¡¡shows¡¡the¡¡most¡¡daring¡¡deeds¡¡is¡¡considered¡¡to¡¡have
defended¡¡the¡¡better¡¡and¡¡truer¡¡cause¡¡in¡¡the¡¡struggle£»¡¡and¡¡the
other¡¡yields£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡are¡¡punished¡¡justly¡£¡¡¡¡Nevertheless£»¡¡they
are¡¡not¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡come¡¡to¡¡single¡¡combat£»¡¡since¡¡right¡¡is¡¡main¡­
tained¡¡by¡¡the¡¡tribunal£»¡¡and¡¡because¡¡the¡¡unjust¡¡cause¡¡is¡¡often
apparent¡¡when¡¡the¡¡more¡¡just¡¡succumbs£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡who¡¡professes
to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡better¡¡man¡¡shows¡¡this¡¡in¡¡public¡¡fight¡£


G¡£M¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡worth¡¡while£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡factions¡¡should¡¡not¡¡be
cherished¡¡for¡¡the¡¡harm¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fatherland£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡that¡¡civil¡¡wars
might¡¡not¡¡occur£»¡¡for¡¡by¡¡means¡¡of¡¡these¡¡a¡¡tyrant¡¡often¡¡arises£»¡¡as
the¡¡examples¡¡of¡¡Rome¡¡and¡¡Athens¡¡show¡£¡¡¡¡Now£»¡¡I¡¡pray¡¡you£»
tell¡¡me¡¡of¡¡their¡¡works¡¡and¡¡matter¡¡connected¡¡therewith¡£


Capt¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡you¡¡have¡¡already¡¡heard¡¡about¡¡their
military¡¡affairs¡¡and¡¡about¡¡their¡¡agricultural¡¡and¡¡pastoral¡¡life£»
and¡¡in¡¡what¡¡way¡¡these¡¡are¡¡common¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡how¡¡they
honor¡¡with¡¡the¡¡first¡¡grade¡¡of¡¡nobility¡¡whoever¡¡is¡¡considered¡¡to
have¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡these¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡who¡¡are¡¡skilful¡¡in¡¡more¡¡arts
than¡¡these¡¡they¡¡consider¡¡still¡¡nobler£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡set¡¡that¡¡one¡¡apart
for¡¡teaching¡¡the¡¡art¡¡in¡¡which¡¡he¡¡is¡¡most¡¡skilful¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡occupa¡­
tions¡¡which¡¡require¡¡the¡¡most¡¡labor£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡working¡¡in¡¡metals
and¡¡building£»¡¡are¡¡the¡¡most¡¡praiseworthy¡¡among¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡No
one¡¡declines¡¡to¡¡go¡¡to¡¡these¡¡occupations£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡that¡¡from
the¡¡beginning¡¡their¡¡propensities¡¡are¡¡well¡¡known£»¡¡and¡¡among
them£»¡¡on¡¡account¡¡of¡¡the¡¡distribution¡¡of¡¡labor£»¡¡no¡¡one¡¡does¡¡work
harmful¡¡to¡¡him£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡necessary¡¡for¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡The
occupations¡¡entailing¡¡less¡¡labor¡¡belong¡¡to¡¡the¡¡women¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡of
them¡¡are¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡know¡¡how¡¡to¡¡swim£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡this¡¡reason
ponds¡¡are¡¡dug¡¡outside¡¡the¡¡walls¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city¡¡and¡¡within¡¡them
near¡¡to¡¡the¡¡fountains¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡Commerce¡¡is¡¡of¡¡little¡¡use¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡know¡¡the¡¡value¡¡of
money£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡count¡¡for¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡their¡¡ambassadors¡¡and¡¡ex¡­
plorers£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡with¡¡it¡¡they¡¡may¡¡have¡¡the¡¡means¡¡of¡¡living¡£
They¡¡receive¡¡merchants¡¡into¡¡their¡¡States¡¡from¡¡the¡¡different
countries¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡and¡¡these¡¡buy¡¡the¡¡superfluous¡¡goods¡¡of
the¡¡city¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡City¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Sun¡¡refuse¡¡to¡¡take
money£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡importing¡¡they¡¡accept¡¡in¡¡exchange¡¡those¡¡things
of¡¡which¡¡they¡¡are¡¡in¡¡need£»¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡they¡¡buy¡¡with¡¡money£»
and¡¡the¡¡young¡¡people¡¡in¡¡the¡¡City¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Sun¡¡are¡¡much¡¡amused
when¡¡they¡¡see¡¡that¡¡for¡¡a¡¡small¡¡price¡¡they¡¡receive¡¡so¡¡many¡¡things
in¡¡exchange¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡old¡¡men£»¡¡however£»¡¡do¡¡not¡¡laugh¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are
unwilling¡¡that¡¡the¡¡State¡¡should¡¡be¡¡corrupted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡vicious¡¡cus¡­
toms¡¡of¡¡slaves¡¡and¡¡foreigners¡£¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡they¡¡do¡¡business¡¡at
the¡¡gates£»¡¡and¡¡sell¡¡those¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡have¡¡taken¡¡in¡¡war¡¡or¡¡keep
them¡¡for¡¡digging¡¡ditches¡¡and¡¡other¡¡hard¡¡work¡¡without¡¡the¡¡city£»
and¡¡for¡¡this¡¡reason¡¡they¡¡always¡¡send¡¡four¡¡bands¡¡of¡¡soldiers¡¡to
take¡¡care¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fields£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡them¡¡there¡¡are¡¡the¡¡laborers¡£
They¡¡go¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡four¡¡gates¡¡from¡¡which¡¡roads¡¡with¡¡walls¡¡on
both¡¡sides¡¡of¡¡them¡¡lead¡¡to¡¡the¡¡sea£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡goods¡¡might¡¡easily
be¡¡carried¡¡over¡¡them¡¡and¡¡foreigners¡¡might¡¡not¡¡meet¡¡with¡¡diffi¡­
culty¡¡on¡¡their¡¡way¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡strangers¡¡they¡¡are¡¡kind¡¡and¡¡polite£»¡¡they¡¡keep¡¡them¡¡for
three¡¡days¡¡at¡¡the¡¡public¡¡expense£»¡¡after¡¡they¡¡have¡¡first¡¡washed
their¡¡feet£»¡¡they¡¡show¡¡them¡¡their¡¡city¡¡and¡¡its¡¡customs£»¡¡and¡¡they
honor¡¡them¡¡with¡¡a¡¡seat¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Council¡¡and¡¡public¡¡table£»¡¡and
there¡¡are¡¡men¡¡whose¡¡duty¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡take¡¡care¡¡of¡¡and¡¡guard¡¡the
guests¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡if¡¡strangers¡¡should¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡become¡¡citizens¡¡of
their¡¡State£»¡¡they¡¡try¡¡them¡¡first¡¡for¡¡a¡¡month¡¡on¡¡a¡¡farm£»¡¡and¡¡for
another¡¡month¡¡in¡¡the¡¡city£»¡¡then¡¡they¡¡decide¡¡concerning¡¡them£»
and¡¡admit¡¡them¡¡with¡¡certain¡¡ceremonies¡¡and¡¡oaths¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡Agriculture¡¡is¡¡much¡¡followed¡¡among¡¡them£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡not¡¡a
span¡¡of¡¡earth¡¡without¡¡cultivation£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡observe¡¡the¡¡winds
and¡¡propitious¡¡stars¡£¡¡¡¡With¡¡the¡¡exception¡¡of¡¡a¡¡few¡¡left¡¡in¡¡the
city¡¡all¡¡go¡¡out¡¡armed£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡flags¡¡and¡¡drums¡¡and¡¡trumpets
sounding£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡fields£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡ploughing£»¡¡sowing£»
digging£»¡¡hoeing£»¡¡reaping£»¡¡gathering¡¡fruit¡¡and¡¡grapes£»¡¡and¡¡they
set¡¡in¡¡order¡¡everything£»¡¡and¡¡do¡¡their¡¡work¡¡in¡¡a¡¡very¡¡few¡¡hours
and¡¡with¡¡much¡¡care¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡use¡¡wagons¡¡fitted¡¡with¡¡sails¡¡which
are¡¡borne¡¡along¡¡by¡¡the¡¡wind¡¡even¡¡when¡¡it¡¡is¡¡contrary£»¡¡by¡¡the
marvellous¡¡contrivance¡¡of¡¡wheels¡¡within¡¡wheels¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡when¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡wind¡¡a¡¡beast¡¡draws¡¡along¡¡a¡¡huge¡¡cart£»
which¡¡is¡¡a¡¡grand¡¡sight¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡guardians¡¡of¡¡the¡¡land¡¡move¡¡about¡¡in¡¡the¡¡meantime£»
armed¡¡and¡¡always¡¡in¡¡their¡¡proper¡¡turn¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡do¡¡not¡¡use¡¡dung
and¡¡filth¡¡for¡¡manuring¡¡the¡¡fields£»¡¡thinking¡¡that¡¡the¡¡fruit¡¡con¡­
tracts¡¡something¡¡of¡¡their¡¡rottenness£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡eaten¡¡gives¡¡a
short¡¡and¡¡poor¡¡subsistence£»¡¡as¡¡women¡¡who¡¡are¡¡beautiful¡¡with
rouge¡¡and¡¡from¡¡want¡¡of¡¡exercise¡¡bring¡¡forth¡¡feeble¡¡offspring¡£
Wherefore¡¡they¡¡do¡¡not¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were¡¡paint¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡¡but¡¡dig¡¡it¡¡up
well¡¡and¡¡use¡¡secret¡¡remedies£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡fruit¡¡is¡¡borne¡¡quickly¡¡and
multiplies£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡not¡¡destroyed¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡have¡¡a¡¡book¡¡for¡¡this
work£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡call¡¡the¡¡Georgics¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡much¡¡of¡¡the¡¡land¡¡as¡¡is
necessary¡¡is¡¡cultivated£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡is¡¡used¡¡for¡¡the¡¡pasturage¡¡of
cattle¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡excellent¡¡occupation¡¡of¡¡breeding¡¡and¡¡rearing¡¡horses£»
oxen£»¡¡sheep£»¡¡dogs£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡domestic¡¡and¡¡tame¡¡animals
is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡esteem¡¡amo

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨1£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ