personal memoirs-2-第26节

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and　this　in　short　order　put　an　end　to　General　Geary's　〃last　ditch〃

absurdity；　and　extricated　Allen　from　his　predicament。



When　quiet　was　restored　Gordon　remarked：　〃General　Lee　asks　for　a

suspension　of　hostilities　pending　the　negotiations　which　he　is　having

with　General　Grant。〃　　I　rejoined：　〃I　have　been　constantly　informed　of

the　progress　of　the　negotiations；　and　think　it　singular　that　while

such　discussions　are　going　on；　General　Lee　should　have　continued　his

march　and　attempted　to　break　through　my　lines　this　morning。　　I　will

entertain　no　terms　except　that　General　Lee　shall　surrender　to　General

Grant　on　his　arrival　here。　　If　these　terms　are　not　accepted　we　will

renew　hostilities。〃　　Gordon　replied：　〃General　Lee's　army　is

exhausted。　　There　is　no　doubt　of　his　surrender　to　General　Grant。〃



It　was　then　that　General　Ord　joined　us；　and　after　shaking　hands　all

around；　I　related　the　situation　to　him；　and　Gordon　went　away　agreeing

to　meet　us　again　in　half　an　hour。　　When　the　time　was　up　he　came　back

accompanied　by　General　Longstreet；　who　brought　with　him　a　despatch；

the　duplicate　of　one　that　had　been　sent　General　Grant　through　General

Meade's　lines　back　on　the　road　over　which　Lee　had　been　retreating。



General　Longstreet　renewed　the　assurances　that　already　had　been　given

by　Gordon；　and　I　sent　Colonel　Newhall　with　the　despatch　to　find

General　Grant　and　bring　him　to　the　front。　　When　Newhall　started；

everything　on　our　side　of　the　Appomattox　Court　House　was　quiet；　for

inevitable　surrender　was　at　hand；　but　Longstreet　feared　that　Meade；

in　ignorance　of　the　new　conditions　on　my　front　might　attack　the

Confederate　rearguard。　　To　prevent　this　I　offered　to　send　Colonel　J。

W。　Forsyth　through　the　enemy's　lines　to　let　Meade　know　of　my

agreement；　for　he　too　was　suspicious　that　by　a　renewed　correspondence

Lee　was　endeavoring　to　gain　time　for　escape。　　My　offer　being

accepted；　Forsyth　set　out　accompanied　by　Colonel　Fairfax；　of

Longstreet's　staff；　and　had　no　difficulty　in　accomplishing　his

mission。



About　five　or　six　miles　from　Appomattox；　on　the　road　toward　Prospect

Station　near　its　intersection　with　the　Walker's　Church　road；　my

adjutant…general；　Colonel　Newhall；　met　General　Grant；　he　having

started　from　north　of　the　Appomattox　River　for　my　front　the　morning

of　April　9；　in　consequence　of　the　following　despatches　which　had　been

sent　him　the　night　before；　after　we　had　captured　Appomattox　Station

and　established　a　line　intercepting　Lee：



〃CAVALRY　HEADQUARTERS；　April　8；　18659：20　P。　M。



〃LIEUTENANT…GENERAL　U。　S。　GRANT；

〃Commanding　Armies　of　the　U。　　S。



〃General：　I　marched　early　this　morning　from　Buffalo　Creek　and

Prospect　Station　on　Appomattox　Station；　where　my　scouts　had　reported

trains　of　cars　with　supplies　for　Lee's　army。　　A　short　time　before

dark　General　Custer；　who　had　the　advance；　made　a　dash　at　the　station；

capturing　four　trains　of　supplies　with　locomotives。　　One　of　the

trains　was　burned　and　the　others　were　run　back　toward　Farmville　for

security。　　Custer　then　pushed　on　toward　Appomattox　Court　House；

driving　the　enemywho　kept　up　a　heavy　fire　of　artillerycharging

them　repeatedly　and　capturing；　as　far　as　reported；　twenty…five　pieces

of　artillery　and　a　number　of　prisoners　and　wagons。　　The　First　Cavalry

Division　supported　him　on　the　right。　　A　reconnoissance　sent　across

the　Appomattox　reports　the　enemy　moving　on　the　Cumberland　road　to

Appomattox　Station；　where　they　expect　to　get　supplies。　　Custer　is

still　pushing　on。　　If　General　Gibbon　and　the　Fifth　Corps　can　get　up

to…night；　we　will　perhaps　finish　the　job　in　the　morning。　　I　do　not

think　Lee　means　to　surrender　until　compelled　to　do　so。



〃P。　H。　SHERIDAN；　Major…General。〃







〃HEADQUARTERS　CAVALRY；　April　8；　18659：40　p。m。



〃LIEUTENANT…GENERAL　U。　S。　GRANT。

〃Commanding　Armies　U。　S。



〃GENERAL：　Since　writing　tne　accompanying　despatch；　General　Custer

reports　that　his　command　has　captured　in　all　thirty…five　pieces　of

artillery；　one　thousand　prisonersincluding　one　general　officerand

from　one　hundred　and　fifty　to　two　hundred　wagons。



〃P。　H。　SHERIDAN；　Major…General。〃





In　attempting　to　conduct　the　lieutenant…general　and　staff　back　by　a

short　route；　Newhall　lost　his　bearings　for　a　time；　inclining　in

toward　the　enemy's　lines　too　far；　but　regained　the　proper　direction

without　serious　loss　of　time。　　General　Grant　arrived　about　1　o'clock

in　the　afternoon；　Ord　and　I；　dismounted；　meeting　him　at　the　edge　of

the　town；　or　crossroads；　for　it　was　little　more。　　He　remaining

mounted；　spoke　first　to　me；　saying　simply；



〃How　are　you；　Sheridan？〃　　I　assured　him　with　thanks　that　I　was

〃first…rate；〃　when；　pointing　toward　the　village；　he　asked；　〃Is

General　Lee　up　there？〃　and　I　replied：　There　is　his　army　down　in　that

valley；　and　he　himself　is　over　in　that　house　（designating　McLean's

house）　waiting　to　surrender　to　you。〃　　The　General　then　said；　〃Come；

let　us　go　over；〃　this　last　remark　being　addressed　to　both　Ord　and　me。

We　two　then　mounted　and　joined　him；　while　our　staff…officers

followed；　intermingling　with　those　of　the　general…in…chief　as　the

cavalcade　took　its　way　to　McLean's　house　near　by；　and　where　General

Lee　had　arrived　some　time　before；　in　consequence　of　a　message　from

General　Grant　consenting　to　the　interview　asked　for　by　Lee　through

Meade's　front　that　morningthe　consent　having　been　carried　by

Colonel　Babcock。



When　I　entered　McLean's　house　General　Lee　was　standing；　as　was　also

his　military　secretary；　Colonel　Marshall；　his　only　staff…officer

present。　　General　Lee　was　dressed　in　a　new　uniform　and　wore　a

handsome　sword。　　His　tall；　commanding　form　thus　set　off　contrasted

strongly　with　the　short　figure　of　General　Grant；　clothed　as　he　was　in

a　soiled　suit；　without　sword　or　other　insignia　of　his　position　except

a　pair　of　dingy　shoulder…straps。　　After　being　presented；　Ord　and　I；

and　nearly　all　of　General　Grant's　staff；　withdrew　to　await　the

agreement　as　to　terms；　and　in　a　little　while　Colonel　Babcock　came　to

the　door　and　said；　〃The　surrender　had　been　made；　you　can　come　in

again。〃



When　we　re…entered　General　Grant　was　writing；　and　General　Lee；　having

in　his　hand　two　despatches；　which　I　that　morning　requested　might　be

returned；　as　I　had　no　copies　of　them；　addressed　me　with　the　remark：

〃I　am　sorry。　　It　is　probable　that　my　cavalry　at　that　point　of　the

line　did　not　fully　understand　the　agreement。〃　These　despatches　had

been　sent　in　the　forenoon；　after　the　fighting　had　been　stopped；

notifying　General　Lee　that　some　of　his　cavalry　in　front　of　Crook　was

violating　the　suspension　of　hostilities　by　withdrawing。　　About

3　o'clock　in　the　afternoon　the　terms　of　surrender　were　written　out

and　accepted；　and　General　Lee　left　the　house；　as　he　departed

cordially　shaking　hands　with　General　Grant。　　A　moment　later　he

mounted　his　chunky　gray　horse；　and　lifting　his　hat　as　he　passed　out

of　the　yard；　rode　off　toward　his　army；　his　arrival　there　being

announced　to　us　by　cheering；　which；　as　it　progressed；　varying　in

loudness；　told　he　was　riding　through　the　bivouac　of　the　Army　of

Northern　Virginia。



The　surrender　of　General　Lee　practically　ended　the　war　of　the

rebellion。　　For　four　years　his　army　had　been　the　main…stay　of　the

Confederacy；　and　the　marked　ability　with　which　he　directed　its

operations　is　evidenced　both　by　his　frequent　successes　and　the　length

of　time　he　kept　up　the　contest。　　Indeed；　it　may　be　said　that　till

General　Grant　was　matched　against　him；　he　never　met　an　opponent　he

did　not　vanquish；　for　while　it　is　true　that　defeat　was　inflicted　on

the　Confederates　at　Antietam　and　Gettysburg；　yet　the　fruits　of　these

victories　were　not　gathered；　for　after　each　of　these　battles　Lee　was

left　unmolested　till　he　had　a　chance　to　recuperate。



The　assignment　of　General　Grant　to　the　command　of　the　Union　armies　in

the　winter　of　1863…64　gave　presage　of　success　from　the　start；　for　his

eminent　abilities　had　already　been　proved；　and　besides；　he　was　a

tower　of　strength　to　the　Government；　because　he　had　the　confidence　of

the　people。　　They　knew　that　henceforth　systematic　direction　would　be

given　to　our　armies　in　every　section　of　the　vast　territory　over　which

active　operations　were　being　prosecuted；　and　further；　that　this

coherence；　this　harmony　of　plan；　was　the　one　thing　needed　to　end　the

war；　for　in　the　three　preceding　years　there　had　been　illustrated　most

lamentable　effects　of　the　absence　of　system。　　From　the　moment　he　set

our　armies　in　motion　simultaneously；　in　the　spring　of　1864；　it　could

be　seen　that　we　should　be　victorious　ultimately；　for　though　on

different　lines　we　were　checked　now　and　then；　yet　we　were　harassing

the　Confederacy　at　so　many　vital　points　that　plainly　it　must　yield　to

our　blows。　　Against　Lee's　army；　the　forefront　of　the　Confederacy；

Grant　pitted　himself；　and　it　may　be　said　that　the　Confederate

commander　was　now；　for　the　first　time；　overmatched；　for　against　all

his　devicesthe　products　of　a　mind　fertile　in　d